Murphy Mary M, Douglass Judith S, Johnson Rachel K, Spence Lisa A
ENVIRON International Corp, arlington, VA 22203, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Apr;108(4):631-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.004.
Little research has been conducted on health effects associated with consumption of flavored milk. The purposes of this study were to compare nutrient intakes and body measures among children and adolescents drinking flavored milk (with or without plain milk), exclusively plain milk, and no milk.
Data used in the study included intakes reported in 24-hour dietary recalls and height and weight measurements collected during a physical examination in the 1999--2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The milk drinking status of each person was identified, and nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) measures were determined by milk drinking status.
The study population included 7,557 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years.
Comparisons among mean milk intakes, energy and nutrient intakes, and BMI measures by milk drinking status were completed using linear regression analysis.
Children and adolescents who included flavored milk in their diets reported higher total milk intakes than consumers of exclusively plain milk (P<0.05). Intakes of vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and saturated fat (adjusted for energy intake and age) were generally comparable among milk drinking groups, whereas intakes by milk nondrinkers were significantly lower (P<0.05). Among females aged 12 to 18 years, calcium intakes by flavored and exclusively plain milk drinkers were 992+/-41.5 and 1,038+/-22.5 mg/day, respectively, whereas intake by nondrinkers was 576+/-11.7 mg/day. Intake of added sugars did not differ between flavored milk drinkers and milk nondrinkers. BMI measures of milk drinkers were comparable to or lower than measures of nondrinkers (P<0.05).
Findings from this study suggest that consumption of either flavored or plain milk is associated with a positive influence on nutrient intakes by children and adolescents and is not associated with adverse effects on BMI measures.
关于饮用调味牛奶对健康影响的研究较少。本研究的目的是比较饮用调味牛奶（有或没有纯牛奶）、只饮用纯牛奶以及不饮用牛奶的儿童和青少年的营养摄入量和身体指标。
本研究使用的数据包括1999 - 2002年全国健康和营养检查调查中24小时饮食回顾报告的摄入量以及体检时收集的身高和体重测量值。确定了每个人的牛奶饮用状况，并根据牛奶饮用状况确定营养摄入量和体重指数（BMI）指标。
研究人群包括7557名2至18岁的儿童和青少年。
使用线性回归分析完成了按牛奶饮用状况对平均牛奶摄入量、能量和营养摄入量以及BMI指标的比较。
饮食中包含调味牛奶的儿童和青少年报告的总牛奶摄入量高于只饮用纯牛奶的消费者（P<0.05）。饮用牛奶的各组中，维生素A、钙、磷、镁、钾和饱和脂肪的摄入量（根据能量摄入和年龄进行调整）总体相当，而不饮用牛奶者的摄入量显著较低（P<0.05）。在12至18岁的女性中，饮用调味牛奶和只饮用纯牛奶者的钙摄入量分别为992±41.5和1038±22.5毫克/天，而不饮用牛奶者的摄入量为576±11.7毫克/天。饮用调味牛奶者和不饮用牛奶者的添加糖摄入量没有差异。饮用牛奶者的BMI指标与不饮用牛奶者相当或更低（P<0.05）。
本研究结果表明，饮用调味牛奶或纯牛奶对儿童和青少年的营养摄入有积极影响，且与BMI指标的不良影响无关。
