Janković B D
Immunology Research Center, Belgrade.
Recenti Prog Med. 1992 Feb;83(2):93-9.
Neuroimmunomodulation encompasses, by definition, numerous components and activities primarily derived from the immune system, and treats the immunoneuroendocrine interconnections at different levels of the integrated whole functioning organism. The arbitrary unit of the immunoneuroendocrine network is the immune microenvironment composed of lymphocytes, neurons, endocrine cells, nonlymphoid accessory cells, humoral factors from immune, nervous, endocrine and other tissues, receptors for endogenous and exogenous ligands, pathways for transduction of biological signals, physiological ions, various magnetic and electromagnetic compartments, and impulses from the higher nervous activity (the mind, the psyche). The neuroimmunomodulation is a marvelous mechanism from which arises an amazing quantity of variables and intercommunications in the living organism. Being a multidisciplinary science par excellence, neuroimmunomodulation is strongly antidogmatic and favors multidirectional organization of research. That means that actions of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems should be studied together in terms of intercommunications among identifiable structures and processes. Therefore, research endeavors in neuroimmunomodulation have different directions with seminal discoveries much too numerous to list here. This mini-review is confined to some recent findings dealing with the immunomodulatory activity of micromagnetic fields when applied to the brain, the humoral and cell-mediated components of certain neurological and psychiatric diseases, the autoimmune features in heroin addicts in relation to dementia and HIV infection, the neuroimmunobiology of lithium cation, and the in vivo immune function of enkephalins, and methionine-enkephalin in particular.
从定义上讲，神经免疫调节包含众多主要源自免疫系统的成分和活动，并在完整功能生物体的不同层面上处理免疫-神经-内分泌的相互联系。免疫-神经-内分泌网络的基本单位是免疫微环境，它由淋巴细胞、神经元、内分泌细胞、非淋巴辅助细胞、来自免疫、神经、内分泌及其他组织的体液因子、内源性和外源性配体的受体、生物信号转导途径、生理离子、各种磁和电磁区域以及高级神经活动（思维、心理）的冲动组成。神经免疫调节是一种奇妙的机制，生物体中由此产生了数量惊人的变量和相互联系。作为一门卓越的多学科科学，神经免疫调节极具反教条性，有利于开展多方向的研究。这意味着免疫、神经和内分泌系统的作用应在可识别的结构和过程之间的相互联系方面进行共同研究。因此，神经免疫调节领域的研究工作有不同方向，开创性的发现多得在此无法一一列举。本综述限于一些近期的研究结果，涉及微磁场应用于大脑时的免疫调节活性、某些神经和精神疾病的体液及细胞介导成分、海洛因成瘾者与痴呆和艾滋病毒感染相关的自身免疫特征、锂阳离子的神经免疫生物学以及脑啡肽特别是甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的体内免疫功能。
