Rutten M J M, Komen H, Deerenberg R M, Siwek M, Bovenhuis H
Fish Culture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Anim Genet. 2004 Apr;35(2):93-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01090.x.
Four domesticated strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were genetically characterized using 14 microsatellite markers and 64 animals per strain. Two strains, Chitralada (AIT) and International Development Research Centers (IDRC) were obtained from the AIT institute, Bangkok, Thailand. The GIFT strain (5th generation) came from NAGRI, Thailand, and the GOTT strain was supplied by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The average numbers of alleles per marker were 5.0 (GOTT), 5.4 (AIT), 5.6 (IDRC) and 7.5 (GIFT). Private alleles were found at all markers with the exception of two. No fixation of alleles was found at any marker. Population differentiation, FST, was 0.178 (great genetic differentiation) and confirmed grouping of the animals in strains. The expected level of heterozygosity ranged from 0.624 to 0.711, but the observed level of heterozygosity significantly deviated from the expected level in three strains. This was probably because of small population size. Moderate to great genetic differentiation was found between strains. A phylogenetic tree reflected the strains known histories. Application of the Weitzman approach showed that all strains have added value for the total genetic diversity and thus should be retained.
使用14个微卫星标记对4个尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus L.）驯化品系进行了遗传特征分析，每个品系有64只动物。其中两个品系，即奇塔拉达（AIT）品系和国际发展研究中心（IDRC）品系，来自泰国曼谷的AIT研究所。吉富（GIFT）品系（第5代）来自泰国国家农业遗传研究所（NAGRI），而戈特（GOTT）品系由德国哥廷根大学提供。每个标记的平均等位基因数分别为5.0（GOTT）、5.4（AIT）、5.6（IDRC）和7.5（GIFT）。除两个标记外，在所有标记上均发现了私有等位基因。在任何标记上均未发现等位基因固定现象。群体分化系数FST为0.178（遗传分化程度高），证实了动物在品系中的分组情况。预期杂合度范围为0.624至0.711，但在三个品系中观察到的杂合度水平与预期水平存在显著偏差。这可能是由于群体规模较小所致。品系间发现了中度至高度的遗传分化。系统发育树反映了各品系已知的历史。采用韦茨曼方法表明，所有品系对总遗传多样性都有附加价值，因此都应予以保留。
