McLachlan John C, Bligh John, Bradley Paul, Searle Judy
Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, C306 Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
Med Educ. 2004 Apr;38(4):418-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2004.01795.x.
Anatomy learning is generally seen as essential to medicine, and exposure to cadavers is generally seen as essential to anatomy learning around the world. Few voices dissenting from these propositions can be identified.
This paper aims to consider arguments relating to the use of cadavers in anatomy teaching, and to describe the rationale behind the decision of a new UK medical school not to use cadaveric material.
First, the background to use of cadavers in anatomy learning is explored, and some general educational principles are explored. Next, arguments for the use of human cadaveric material are summarised. Then, possible arguments against use of cadavers, including educational principles as well as costs, hazards and practicality, are considered. These are much less well explored in the existing literature. Next, the rationale behind the decision of a new UK medical school not to use cadaveric material is indicated, and the programme of anatomy teaching to be employed in the absence of the use of human remains is described. Curriculum design and development, and evaluation procedures, are briefly described. Issues surrounding pathology training by autopsy, and postgraduate training in surgical anatomy, are not addressed in this paper.
Evidence relating to the effect on medical learning by students not exposed to cadavers is scant, and plainly opportunities will now arise through our programme to gather such evidence. We anticipate that this discussion paper will contribute to an ongoing debate, in which virtually all previous papers on this topic have concluded that use of cadavers is essential to medical learning.
解剖学学习通常被视为医学的基础，而在世界各地，接触尸体通常被视为解剖学学习的基础。几乎找不到反对这些观点的声音。
本文旨在探讨与解剖学教学中使用尸体相关的论点，并描述英国一所新医学院决定不使用尸体材料背后的理由。
首先，探讨了解剖学学习中使用尸体的背景，并探讨了一些一般教育原则。其次，总结了使用人体尸体材料的论点。然后，考虑了反对使用尸体的可能论点，包括教育原则以及成本、风险和实用性。这些在现有文献中探讨得较少。接下来，指出了英国一所新医学院决定不使用尸体材料背后的理由，并描述了在不使用人体遗骸的情况下将采用的解剖学教学计划。简要描述了课程设计与开发以及评估程序。本文未涉及通过尸检进行病理学培训以及外科解剖学研究生培训的相关问题。
关于未接触尸体的学生对医学学习影响的证据很少，显然我们的计划现在将提供收集此类证据的机会。我们预计这篇讨论文章将有助于正在进行的辩论，在这场辩论中，几乎所有此前关于这个主题的论文都得出结论，使用尸体对于医学学习至关重要。
