Vilanova Joan C, Barceló Joaquim, Smirniotopoulos James G, Pérez-Andrés Ricard, Villalón Miguel, Miró Josefina, Martin Ferran, Capellades Jaume, Ros Pablo R
Department of Magnetic Resonance, Clínica Girona, Lorenzana 36, 17002 Girona, Spain.
Radiographics. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2):367-85. doi: 10.1148/rg.242035079.
Hemangioma is a common benign vascular neoplasm that closely resembles normal vessels and can be found in all organs of the human body. Vascular lesions can be classified as infantile hemangiomas or vascular malformations on the basis of their natural history, location, cellular turnover, and histologic characteristics. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of vascular malformations of the central nervous system depend on the pathologic subtype. Soft-tissue vascular malformations can be categorized with combined MR imaging and MR angiography as either high- or low-flow. Osseous vascular malformations commonly demonstrate a high-signal-intensity trabecular pattern at both T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging. A group of more aggressive vascular neoplasms, including hemangioendothelioma, hemangiopericytoma, and glomus tumor, have a nonspecific appearance at MR imaging. In the liver and spleen, hemangiomas are typically hyperintense at T2-weighted MR imaging, with a centripetal filling pattern after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Vascular lesions can involve several organs or systems in angiomatous syndromes. MR imaging allows characterization of a hemangioma with typical features, which vary depending on anatomic location. Familiarity with these features facilitates diagnosis and management of these anomalies.
血管瘤是一种常见的良性血管肿瘤，与正常血管极为相似，可在人体的所有器官中发现。血管病变可根据其自然病史、位置、细胞更新和组织学特征分为婴儿血管瘤或血管畸形。中枢神经系统血管畸形的磁共振（MR）成像特征取决于病理亚型。软组织血管畸形可通过联合MR成像和MR血管造影分为高流量或低流量。骨血管畸形在T1加权和T2加权MR成像上通常表现为高信号强度的小梁模式。一组更具侵袭性的血管肿瘤，包括血管内皮瘤、血管外皮细胞瘤和球瘤，在MR成像上表现不具有特异性。在肝脏和脾脏中，血管瘤在T2加权MR成像上通常呈高信号，注射钆喷酸葡胺后呈向心性填充模式。血管病变可累及血管瘤综合征中的多个器官或系统。MR成像能够对具有典型特征的血管瘤进行特征描述，这些特征因解剖位置而异。熟悉这些特征有助于对这些异常情况进行诊断和管理。
