Moore Jonathan W, Ruesink Jennifer L, McDonald Kathryn A
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Am Nat. 2004 Mar;163(3):480-7. doi: 10.1086/382091. Epub 2004 Mar 9.
Studies of marine nearshore hard substrates have demonstrated that consumers and abiotic disturbances can remove biomass, clearing space for species that are competitively subordinate and subsequently increasing diversity. However, studies often examine the impact of these space-opening forces on diversity in isolation from other potentially interacting factors. In marine systems, space can be closed by recruitment decoupled from local populations. Therefore, we investigated how recruitment influences the impacts of consumers on diversity with a meta-analysis of 27 experiments of community development involving sessile species on marine hard substrates. These studies allowed quantification of recruitment rates, consumer pressure, and species richness of primary space occupants. This meta-analysis demonstrated that consumers generally increase diversity at high levels of recruitment but decrease diversity at low levels of recruitment. Therefore, species diversity of sessile species is controlled by the interaction between forces that open (predation and herbivory) and close (recruitment) space.
对海洋近岸硬质基底的研究表明，消费者和非生物干扰能够去除生物量，为竞争力较弱的物种腾出空间，进而增加生物多样性。然而，以往研究往往孤立地考察这些开辟空间的因素对生物多样性的影响，而未考虑其他可能相互作用的因素。在海洋系统中，补充过程若与当地种群脱钩，空间就可能被封闭。因此，我们通过对27项涉及海洋硬质基底上固着物种的群落发展实验进行荟萃分析，研究了补充过程如何影响消费者对生物多样性的影响。这些研究能够量化补充率、消费者压力以及主要占据空间物种的丰富度。该荟萃分析表明，在高补充水平下，消费者通常会增加生物多样性，而在低补充水平下则会降低生物多样性。因此，固着物种的物种多样性受开辟空间（捕食和食草）与封闭空间（补充）两种力量相互作用的控制。
