Rotten D, Levaillant J M
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Delafontaine Hospital, Saint-Denis, France.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Mar;23(3):224-31. doi: 10.1002/uog.984.
To detail fetal facial examination in utero using ultrasound, to distinguish between requirements for routine screening and those for precise analysis of fetal facial features, and to assess the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging in fetal facial examination.
This was a retrospective study, based on the examination of approximately 10,500 fetuses. The usual age at screening ultrasound examination was 22 +/- 1 gestational weeks.
The sonographic anatomy of the normal fetal face was depicted, and the relevance of the three reference scanning planes, sagittal, coronal and axial, was specified.
At routine screening using two-dimensional sonography, at least two selected views must be imaged: the mid-sagittal plane (search for facial dysmorphology) and the anterior 'nose-mouth' coronal plane (search for disruption in lip continuity or deformation of the narinal bend). Precise analysis of fetal facial anomalies requires visualization and thorough step-by-step analysis in the three planes. The difference between routine screening and precise facial features' analysis has been greatly decreased since 3D and 4D sonography have become readily available. Using this modality, after surface analysis of the fetal face, the three reference planes are simultaneously imaged, using the multiplanar modality, and detailed. 3D/4D ultrasound imaging allows easier, more rapid screening and more precise evaluation of the different facial features.
详细介绍利用超声进行子宫内胎儿面部检查，区分常规筛查要求与胎儿面部特征精确分析要求，并评估三维（3D）超声成像在胎儿面部检查中的应用。
这是一项回顾性研究，基于对约10500例胎儿的检查。筛查超声检查的通常孕周为22±1孕周。
描绘了正常胎儿面部的超声解剖结构，并明确了矢状面、冠状面和轴面三个参考扫描平面的相关性。
在使用二维超声进行常规筛查时，至少必须成像两个选定视图：正中矢状面（检查面部畸形）和前方“鼻-口”冠状面（检查唇连续性中断或鼻唇角变形）。胎儿面部异常的精确分析需要在三个平面进行可视化和逐步深入分析。自从3D和4D超声成像普及以来，常规筛查与精确面部特征分析之间的差异已大大减小。使用这种模式，在对胎儿面部进行表面分析后，利用多平面模式同时成像并详细显示三个参考平面。3D/4D超声成像使对面部不同特征的筛查更容易、更快速且评估更精确。
