Mbambo S, Uys L R, Groenewald B
School of Nursing, University of Natal.
Curationis. 2003 Nov;26(3):42-52. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v26i3.829.
The aim of this descriptive survey was to do a job analysis of different categories of nurses in a District Health System in order to clarify job expectations, describe current practice of nurses in hospitals and clinics and to make recommendations about skills mix in district services. This article deals with the clinics only. A mail questionnaire requested the sampled nurses to rate the frequency and importance of the tasks they perform. A total of 71% of the nurses (60 nurses of all categories) returned the questionnaire, and an index taking into account frequency and importance, was calculated. The self-report data was compared with data from non-participant observation done over 11 days in five clinics. The respondents rated 11 tasks as being performed more than six times per week, and no task as being important in that more than 70% of respondents felt it could never be omitted. However, on the task index, which combines frequency and importance, 57 tasks received the highest possible score of ten, and few (25%) were rated below five. The work context of nurses in PHC settings and hospitals was compared using Exhaustion-Disengagement Model and it was proposed that hospital nurses had higher job demands and lower job resources, and therefore ran a higher risk of both exhaustion and disengagement. A clear difference in the roles of different categories of nurses was found, although they have many tasks in common.
这项描述性调查的目的是对一个地区卫生系统中不同类别的护士进行工作分析，以明确工作期望，描述医院和诊所护士的当前工作实践，并就地区服务中的技能组合提出建议。本文仅涉及诊所。一份邮寄问卷要求抽样护士对他们执行的任务的频率和重要性进行评分。共有71%的护士（各类别的60名护士）返回了问卷，并计算了一个考虑频率和重要性的指数。将自我报告数据与在五个诊所进行的11天非参与观察的数据进行了比较。受访者将11项任务评为每周执行超过六次，且没有一项任务被认为非常重要，因为超过70%的受访者认为它绝不能被省略。然而，在结合了频率和重要性的任务指数上，57项任务获得了可能的最高分10分，很少（25%）被评为低于5分。使用疲惫-脱离模型对初级卫生保健机构和医院护士的工作环境进行了比较，结果表明医院护士的工作要求更高，工作资源更少，因此疲惫和脱离的风险更高。尽管不同类别的护士有许多共同任务，但仍发现了他们角色上的明显差异。
