McCormack Brendan
University of Ulster and Director of Nursing Research and Practice Development, Royal Hospitals Trust, Belfast, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2004 Mar;13(3a):31-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00924.x.
Person-centred practice is a recurring theme in gerontological nursing literature. While there are many descriptive accounts of attempts at developing person-centred practice, in reality, there are few studies that identify the benefits of this way of working. Thus far, systematic research into person-centred nursing practice is poorly developed. This paper aims to explore the concept of person-centredness and person-centred practice in order to add clarity to discussions about the term in the context of gerontological nursing. This literature-based exploration discusses the meaning of the word 'person' and the way this word is translated into person-centred practice. It is argued that there are four concepts underpinning person-centred nursing: (i). being in relation; (ii). being in a social world; (iii). being in place and (iv). being with self. The articulation of these concepts through existing models of person-centred practice in nursing raises the recurring themes of knowing the person, the centrality of values, biography, relationships, seeing beyond the immediate needs and authenticity. There is a need for further research and development work in gerontological nursing to distinguish between person-centred practice and good quality care for older people.
以患者为中心的实践是老年护理文献中反复出现的主题。虽然有许多关于发展以患者为中心实践的尝试的描述性记录，但实际上，很少有研究确定这种工作方式的益处。到目前为止，对以患者为中心的护理实践的系统研究发展不足。本文旨在探讨以患者为中心及以患者为中心的实践这一概念，以便在老年护理背景下，使关于该术语的讨论更加清晰。这种基于文献的探索讨论了“人”这个词的含义以及该词如何转化为以患者为中心的实践。有人认为，以患者为中心的护理有四个基本概念：（i）处于关系之中；（ii）处于社会世界之中；（iii）处于特定位置；（iv）与自我相处。通过现有的护理以患者为中心实践模型对这些概念的阐述，引出了了解患者、价值观的核心地位、人生经历、人际关系、超越眼前需求以及真实性等反复出现的主题。老年护理领域需要进一步开展研究和开发工作，以区分以患者为中心的实践与为老年人提供的优质护理。
