Zak-Place Jennifer, Stern Marilyn
Department of Social Sciences, Urbana University, Urbana, Ohio 43078, USA.
J Am Coll Health. 2004 Mar-Apr;52(5):229-36. doi: 10.3200/JACH.52.5.229-236.
Identifying factors predictive of youth's engaging in preventive behaviors related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV remains a prominent public health concern. The utility of the Health Belief Model (HBM) continues to be suggested in identifying preventive behaviors. This study sought to examine the full HBM, including self-efficacy, with regard to STD and HIV preventive behavioral intentions in college students. Self-efficacy was identified as the primary predictor for each of the behavioral intentions (condom use, STD testing, and HIV testing), whereas response efficacy was only predictive of testing intentions. Inconsistent with HBM assumptions, perceived HIV severity was negatively related to HIV testing intentions. Students who perceived HIV as high in severity were less likely to intend to obtain HIV testing. Overall, the utility of the HBM in predicting college students' sexual preventive behavior was unsupported. An argument for a change in the direction of research, away from the continued emphasis on the study of cognitive variables, is made.
确定预测青少年采取与性传播疾病（STD）和艾滋病毒相关预防行为的因素仍然是一个突出的公共卫生问题。健康信念模型（HBM）在确定预防行为方面的效用仍被提及。本研究旨在考察完整的健康信念模型，包括自我效能，与大学生的性传播疾病和艾滋病毒预防行为意图的关系。自我效能被确定为每种行为意图（使用避孕套、性传播疾病检测和艾滋病毒检测）的主要预测因素，而反应效能仅能预测检测意图。与健康信念模型的假设不一致的是，感知到的艾滋病毒严重性与艾滋病毒检测意图呈负相关。认为艾滋病毒严重性高的学生进行艾滋病毒检测的意愿较低。总体而言，健康信念模型在预测大学生性预防行为方面的效用未得到支持。有人提出应改变研究方向，不再继续强调对认知变量的研究。
