Eccleston Christopher, Crombez Geert, Scotford Anna, Clinch Jacqui, Connell Hannah
Pain Management Unit, University of Bath, Level 7, Wessex House, Bath BA2 7AY, UK Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, NHS Trust, Bath, UK Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Pain. 2004 Apr;108(3):221-229. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.11.008.
Adolescents with chronic pain also report severe disability and emotional distress. A clinical sample of 80 adolescents and accompanying parents were investigated to first measure the extent of distress, and second to investigate the relationships between adolescent distress, parental distress and adolescent coping. Measures of pain intensity, anxiety, depression, disability and coping were obtained from adolescents. Parents completed measures including their own anxiety, depression and parenting stress. Overall, adolescents reported high levels of disability, depression and anxiety, and parents reported high levels of depression, anxiety and parenting stress. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of adolescent emotional distress were the extent to which the adolescents catastrophize and seek social support to cope with the pain. There were no clear predictors of parental anxiety or depression but the specific pattern of parenting stress was best predicted by the younger age of the adolescent, the greater the chronicity of the problem, and the greater the extent of adolescent depression. These findings suggest that emotional coping is a critical variable in the distress associated with adolescent chronic pain. It is argued that adolescent emotional coping may best be understood within a relational context of seeking emotional support.
患有慢性疼痛的青少年也报告有严重的残疾和情绪困扰。对80名青少年及其陪同的父母组成的临床样本进行了调查，一是为了测量困扰程度，二是为了研究青少年困扰、父母困扰与青少年应对方式之间的关系。从青少年那里获得了疼痛强度、焦虑、抑郁、残疾和应对方式的测量数据。父母完成了包括他们自己的焦虑、抑郁和育儿压力的测量。总体而言，青少年报告了高水平的残疾、抑郁和焦虑，父母报告了高水平的抑郁、焦虑和育儿压力。多元回归分析显示，青少年情绪困扰的最佳预测因素是青少年将疼痛灾难化以及寻求社会支持来应对疼痛的程度。没有明确的父母焦虑或抑郁的预测因素，但青少年年龄越小、问题的慢性程度越高以及青少年抑郁程度越高，育儿压力的特定模式就越能得到最佳预测。这些发现表明，情绪应对是与青少年慢性疼痛相关的困扰中的一个关键变量。有人认为，青少年的情绪应对最好在寻求情感支持的关系背景中得到理解。
