Strier K B
Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1992 Aug;88(4):515-24. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330880407.
Comparisons between the four genera that make up the Atelinae reveal two distinct behavioral patterns, one in which energy expenditure is minimized (Alouatta) and one in which energy intake is maximized (Lagothrix, Ateles, and Brachyteles). Among the atelins, Lagothrix and Ateles devote over 75% of their annual feeding time to fruit, while Brachyteles devotes between 50% and 67% of their feeding time to leaves. Pronounced seasonality in the Atlantic coastal forest inhabited by Brachyteles may be responsible for its more folivorous diet. Alouatta falls in the body size range of Lagothrix and is much smaller than Ateles and Brachyteles. Nonetheless, Alouatta is more folivorous than sympatric atelins. The atelins also share a rapid, suspensory mode of locomotion that appears to enable them to minimize travel time between widely dispersed fruit sources. Alouatta, by contrast, employs a slower, but more energetically efficient, quadrupedal locomotion. Ranging patterns among the Atelinae are consistent with both diet and locomotor abilities: Atelins travel daily distances up to 5,000 m; Alouatta ranges are much shorter. Further distinctions are evident in Atelinae grouping patterns. Alouatta remains in small cohesive groups that occupy home ranges less than 60 ha in size. Both Lagothrix and Ateles have large groups that fission to reduce the costs of intragroup feeding competition when preferred fruits occur in small patches within much larger community ranges. While greater reliance on low-energy foods such as leaves may release Brachyteles from similar competitive constraints, their tendency toward fluid grouping associations is consistent with the pursuit of a frugivorous diet.
对构成蛛猴亚科的四个属进行比较后发现了两种不同的行为模式，一种是将能量消耗降至最低（蛛猴属），另一种是将能量摄入最大化（绒毛猴属、蜘蛛猴属和丛尾猴属）。在蛛猴亚科动物中，绒毛猴属和蜘蛛猴属每年超过75%的进食时间用于食用水果，而丛尾猴属将其进食时间的50%至67%用于食用树叶。丛尾猴栖息的大西洋沿岸森林明显的季节性可能是其更喜食树叶的原因。蛛猴属的体型与绒毛猴属的范围相当，比蜘蛛猴属和丛尾猴属小得多。尽管如此，蛛猴属比同域分布的蛛猴亚科动物更喜食树叶。蛛猴亚科动物还都具有快速的悬荡运动方式，这似乎使它们能够将在广泛分布的水果来源之间的旅行时间降至最低。相比之下，蛛猴属采用较慢但能量效率更高的四足运动。蛛猴亚科的活动范围模式与饮食和运动能力都相符：蛛猴亚科动物每天的活动距离可达5000米；蛛猴属的活动范围要短得多。蛛猴亚科的分组模式也有进一步的明显差异。蛛猴属保持在小的紧密群体中，占据面积小于60公顷的活动范围。绒毛猴属和蜘蛛猴属都有大群体，当在大得多的群落范围内的小区域出现偏好的水果时，群体就会分裂以降低群体内进食竞争的成本。虽然对树叶等低能量食物的更大依赖可能使丛尾猴属免受类似的竞争限制，但其形成灵活分组关联的倾向与对食果饮食的追求是一致的。
