Michie S, Wren B, Williams S
Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2004 Apr;61(4):345-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.2003.009639.
To develop, pilot, and evaluate a workplace intervention to reduce sickness absence, based on a demand-control-support model of job strain.
Changes in the working arrangements of hospital cleaning staff were introduced with the aim of increasing their control over work and the support received at work. The study design was quasi-experimental, with 221 cleaning staff in the intervention group and 91 catering staff in the control group. The dependent variable was the difference in percentage monthly sickness absence between the 12 months preceding and following the intervention. Differences in sickness absence between staff groups for each month after the intervention were compared with differences between staff groups for the equivalent month one year prior to it.
There was a significant reduction in the difference in sickness absence rates between the intervention and control group of 2.3% in the six months after the intervention, compared to the six months before. The difference was not maintained at 12 months.
These results suggest that a workplace intervention aimed at increasing control and support at work has a small effect on reducing sickness absence among hospital cleaning staff in the short term. Future research should seek to replicate this effect in larger, experimental studies, analyse postulated mediators of such theory based interventions, and develop interventions that maintain improvement.
基于工作压力的需求-控制-支持模型，开发、试行并评估一项减少病假的工作场所干预措施。
引入医院清洁人员工作安排的变化，目的是增强他们对工作的控制以及工作中获得的支持。研究设计为准实验性，干预组有221名清洁人员，对照组有91名餐饮工作人员。因变量是干预前后12个月每月病假百分比的差异。将干预后每个月各员工组之间病假的差异与干预前一年同一月份各员工组之间的差异进行比较。
与干预前的六个月相比，干预后六个月干预组和对照组之间病假率差异显著降低了2.3%。12个月时该差异未持续存在。
这些结果表明，旨在增强工作中的控制和支持的工作场所干预措施在短期内对减少医院清洁人员的病假有较小影响。未来的研究应设法在更大规模的实验研究中重现这种效果，分析此类基于理论的干预措施的假定中介因素，并开发能维持改善效果的干预措施。
