Bee G
Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production, Posieux 1726, Switzerland.
J Anim Sci. 2004 Mar;82(3):826-36. doi: 10.2527/2004.823826x.
Maternal nutrition and progeny birth weight affect muscle fiber development in the pig, thereby influencing early postnatal growth rate. The objective of the study was to determine the extent to which growth, morphometric characteristics, and area and distribution of slow-oxidative (SO), fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers of three muscles (LM = longissimus muscle; RF = rectus femoris; ST = semitendinosus) of slaughter pigs were affected by DE intake level during the first 50 d of gestation. Multiparous Swiss Large White sows were assigned randomly to one of three energy intake treatments: 1) fed 2.8 kg/d of a standard diet (STD; n = 6) containing 10.7 MJ DE/kg; 2) fed 2.8 kg/d of a low-energy diet (LE; n = 5) containing 6.6 MJ DE/kg; or 3) fed 4.0 kg/d of a standard diet (HE; n = 5) containing 10.7 MJ DE/kg (as-fed basis). Sows were subjected to energy intake treatments for the first 50 d of gestation; however, from d 51 to parturition, sows received 2.8 kg/d of the standard diet, and the amount of feed offered each sow during lactation was adjusted according to the litter size. Sows farrowed normally and pig birth weights were recorded. Based on birth weight, the two lightest (1.27 kg; Lt) and two heaviest (1.76 kg; Hvy) barrows and gilts from the 16 litters (n = 64) were selected at weaning and were offered a fixed amount of feed (170 g x BW(0.569)/d) from 25 to 105 kg BW. Regardless of the birth weight, progeny from HE sows grew slower (P < 0.05) during lactation and the growing-finishing period, had a lower (P < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratios, and had higher (P < 0.05) percentages of adipose tissue than pigs born from LE sows. The ST was shorter (P = 0.03) in Lt than in Hvy pigs, and the ST of gilts was heavier (P = 0.01) and had a larger (P = 0.01) girth than the ST of barrows. Overall mean fiber area tended to be larger (P < or = 0.11) in the LM and light portion of the ST of Lt than in Hvy pigs, and was larger (P = 0.03) in the ST of gilts than barrows. The ST of progeny from LE sows had fewer (P < 0.10) FG fibers, which was compensated by either more (P < 0.05) FOG in the light portion of the ST, or more (P < 0.10) SO fibers in the dark portion, and these differences were more pronounced in Lt pigs than in Hvy pigs. Overall, maternal feeding regimen affected muscle fiber type distribution, whereas birth weight and gender affected muscle fiber area.
母体营养和后代出生体重会影响猪的肌纤维发育，进而影响出生后的早期生长速度。本研究的目的是确定妊娠前50天内消化能摄入量对屠宰猪的三块肌肉（腰大肌=背最长肌；股直肌；半腱肌）中慢氧化（SO）、快氧化糖酵解（FOG）和快糖酵解（FG）纤维的生长、形态特征、面积及分布的影响程度。经产瑞士大白母猪被随机分配到三种能量摄入处理组之一：1）每天饲喂2.8千克含10.7兆焦消化能/千克的标准日粮（STD；n = 6）；2）每天饲喂2.8千克含6.6兆焦消化能/千克的低能量日粮（LE；n = 5）；或3）每天饲喂4.0千克含10.7兆焦消化能/千克的标准日粮（HE；n = 5）（以饲喂状态计）。母猪在妊娠的前50天接受能量摄入处理；然而，从第51天到分娩，母猪每天接受2.8千克标准日粮，且哺乳期每头母猪的饲喂量根据仔猪数量进行调整。母猪正常产仔并记录仔猪出生体重。根据出生体重，从16窝（n = 64）仔猪中挑选出两只最轻（1.27千克；Lt）和两只最重（1.76千克；Hvy）的公猪和母猪，在断奶后至体重达105千克期间，每天提供固定量的饲料（170克×体重（0.569）/天）。无论出生体重如何，HE组母猪的后代在哺乳期和生长育肥期生长较慢（P < 0.05），料重比更低（P < 0.05），脂肪组织百分比更高（P < 0.05），而LE组母猪所产仔猪则不然。Lt组猪的半腱肌比Hvy组猪的短（P = 0.03）；母猪的半腱肌比公猪的重（P = 0.01），周长更大（P = 0.01）。总体而言，Lt组猪的背最长肌和半腱肌浅色部分的平均纤维面积往往比Hvy组猪的大（P ≤ 0.11），母猪半腱肌的平均纤维面积比公猪的大（P = 0.03）。LE组母猪后代的半腱肌中FG纤维较少（P < 0.10），这由半腱肌浅色部分更多的FOG纤维（P < 0.05）或深色部分更多的SO纤维（P < 0.10）来补偿，且这些差异在Lt组猪中比在Hvy组猪中更明显。总体而言，母体饲喂方案影响肌纤维类型分布，而出生体重和性别影响肌纤维面积。
