出生体重以及泌乳期给仔猪补饲代乳粉对断奶前和断奶后生长性能及胴体特性的影响。

The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics.

作者信息

Wolter B F, Ellis M, Corrigan B P, DeDecker J M

机构信息

Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2002 Feb;80(2):301-8. doi: 10.2527/2002.802301x.

DOI:10.2527/2002.802301x

PMID:11881919

Abstract

The effects of piglet birth weight and liquid milk replacer supplementation of piglets during lactation on growth performance to slaughter weight was evaluated in a study carried out with 32 sows (PIC C-22) and their piglets (n = 384; progeny of PIC Line 337 sires). A randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Treatments were birth weight (Heavy vs Light) and liquid milk replacer (Supplemented vs Unsupplemented). The study was divided into two periods. At the start of period 1 (birth to weaning), pigs were assigned to either Heavy or Light (1.8 [SD = 0.09] vs 1.3 kg [SD = 0.07] BW, respectively, P < 0.001) litters of 12 pigs and half of the litters were given ad libitum access to supplemental milk replacer from d 3 of lactation to weaning (21 +/- 0.2 d). In period 2 (weaning to 110 kg BW), a total of 308 pigs were randomly selected from within previous treatment and sex subclasses and placed in pens of four pigs. Pigs were given ad libitum access to diets that met or exceeded nutrient requirements. Pigs in heavy litters were heavier at weaning (6.6 vs 5.7 kg BW; SE = 0.14; P < 0.001) and tended to have more pigs weaned (11.4 vs 10.9 pigs/litter; SE = 0.21; P = 0.10). After weaning, pigs in the Heavy litter had greater ADG (851 vs 796 g; SE = 6.7; P < 0.001) and ADFI (1,866 vs 1,783 g; SE = 17.6; P < 0.001), similar gain:feed (0.46 vs 0.45; SE = 0.003; P > 0.05), and required seven fewer days (P < 0.001) to reach slaughter weight compared to pigs in the Light treatment. Feeding supplemental milk replacer during lactation produced heavier pigs at weaning (6.6 vs 5.7 kg BW; SE = 0.14; P < 0.001) and tended to increase the number of pigs weaned (11.4 vs 10.9 pigs/litter; SE = 0.21; P = 0.10) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance from weaning to slaughter. However, pigs fed milk replacer required three fewer days (P < 0.01) to reach 110 kg BW. Sow feed intake and BW loss during lactation were not affected (P > 0.05) by either birth weight or milk replacer treatment. In conclusion, birth weight has a substantially greater impact on pig growth performance after weaning than increasing nutrient intake during lactation.

摘要

在一项针对32头母猪（PIC C - 22）及其仔猪（n = 384；PIC 337系公猪的后代）开展的研究中，评估了仔猪出生体重以及哺乳期给仔猪补充液态代乳粉对其生长性能直至屠宰体重的影响。采用了2×2析因排列处理的随机区组设计。处理因素为出生体重（重 vs 轻）和液态代乳粉（补充 vs 未补充）。该研究分为两个阶段。在第1阶段开始时（出生至断奶），将仔猪分配到重或轻（体重分别为1.8 [标准差 = 0.09] vs 1.3千克 [标准差 = 0.07]，P < 0.001）的12头仔猪的窝中，并且从哺乳期第3天至断奶（21 ± 0.2天），半数窝的仔猪可自由采食补充代乳粉。在第2阶段（断奶至110千克体重），从之前的处理和性别亚组中随机选取308头仔猪，每4头仔猪饲养在一个栏中。仔猪可自由采食满足或超过营养需求的日粮。重窝仔猪断奶时体重更重（6.6 vs 5.7千克体重；标准误 = 0.14；P < 0.001），并且断奶仔猪数量有增加的趋势（11.4 vs 10.9头/窝；标准误 = 0.21；P = 0.10）。断奶后，重窝仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）更高（851 vs 796克；标准误 = 6.7；P < 0.001），平均日采食量（ADFI）更高（1,866 vs 1,783克；标准误 = 17.6；P < 0.001），料重比相似（0.46 vs 0.45；标准误 = 0.003；P > 0.05），与轻处理组仔猪相比，达到屠宰体重所需天数少7天（P < 0.001）。哺乳期饲喂补充代乳粉使断奶时仔猪体重更重（6.6 vs 5.7千克体重；标准误 = 0.14；P < 0.001），并且断奶仔猪数量有增加的趋势（11.4 vs 10.9头/窝；标准误 = 0.21；P = 0.10），但对断奶至屠宰的生长性能没有影响（P > 0.05）。然而，饲喂代乳粉的仔猪达到110千克体重所需天数少3天（P < 0.01）。哺乳期母猪的采食量和体重损失不受出生体重或代乳粉处理的影响（P > 0.05）。总之，出生体重对断奶后仔猪生长性能的影响远大于哺乳期增加营养摄入量的影响。