Nixon Reginald D V, Resick Patricia A, Griffin Michael G
Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18(2):193-210. doi: 10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00290-6.
Two studies examined the contributing factors for panic symptoms following trauma. In Study 1, survivors of sexual and nonsexual assaults (N=105) were assessed at 2 weeks postcrime. Prior trauma, psychiatric history, crime characteristics, and peritraumatic dissociation were assessed. Posttraumatic panic was modestly predicted by childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences, a history of Anxiety and Depression, and peritraumatic dissociation. Childhood physical abuse (CPA), Adult Victimization, crime variables, and a prior history of Substance Use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were not implicated. In Study 2, the role of peritraumatic panic in predicting later arousal was also examined in a similar sample who were assessed within 6 weeks of their trauma (N=93). Presence of significant arousal during trauma predicted frequency of posttrauma panic attacks, but not its severity. In contrast to Study 1, prior history of PTSD, perception of life threat, and the index trauma being a sexual assault all predicted posttrauma panic, whereas prior trauma exposure and depression did not. These findings are discussed in terms of cognitive and arousal factors that may influence posttrauma panic.
两项研究探讨了创伤后惊恐症状的影响因素。在研究1中，对性侵犯和非性侵犯的幸存者（N = 105）在犯罪后2周进行了评估。评估了既往创伤、精神病史、犯罪特征和创伤期间的解离情况。童年期性虐待（CSA）经历、焦虑和抑郁病史以及创伤期间的解离情况对创伤后惊恐有一定的预测作用。童年期身体虐待（CPA）、成年期受侵害情况、犯罪变量以及物质使用障碍和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的既往病史均未显示有影响。在研究2中，在创伤后6周内对类似样本（N = 93）进行评估，也探讨了创伤期间惊恐在预测后期觉醒方面的作用。创伤期间存在明显觉醒可预测创伤后惊恐发作的频率，但不能预测其严重程度。与研究1不同的是，PTSD既往病史、对生命威胁的感知以及作为性侵犯的指数创伤均能预测创伤后惊恐，而既往创伤暴露和抑郁则不能。从可能影响创伤后惊恐的认知和觉醒因素方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
