Hartl Daniel L
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Jan;2(1):15-22. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro795.
Over the past 35 years, the incidence of malaria has increased 2-3-fold. At present, it affects 300-500 million people and causes about 1 million deaths, primarily in Africa. The continuing upsurge has come from a coincidence of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, global climate change and continuing poverty and political instability. An analogous rapid increase in malaria might have taken place about 10,000 years ago. Patterns of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA support this model, but variation in nuclear genes gives an ambiguous message. Resolving these discrepancies has implications for the evolution of drug resistance and vaccine evasion.
在过去35年里，疟疾发病率增长了2至3倍。目前，它影响着3亿至5亿人，并导致约100万人死亡，主要集中在非洲。这种持续上升是由耐药寄生虫、抗杀虫剂蚊子、全球气候变化以及持续的贫困和政治不稳定共同造成的。大约一万年前可能也出现过类似的疟疾快速增长情况。线粒体DNA的遗传变异模式支持这一模型，但核基因的变异却传递出模糊的信息。解决这些差异对于耐药性的演变和疫苗逃避具有重要意义。
