Cavender Kim, Goff Melinda D, Hollon Ellen C, Guzzetta Cathie E
Children's Medical Center of Dallas, USA.
J Holist Nurs. 2004 Mar;22(1):32-56. doi: 10.1177/0898010104263306.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parental positioning and distraction on the pain, fear, and distress of pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture. An experimental-comparison group design was used to evaluate 43 patients (20 experimental and 23 comparison) who were 4 to 11 years old. Experimental participants used parental positioning and distraction. All participants rated their pain and fear; parents and child life specialists (CLS) rated the child's fear, and CLS rated the child's distress. Self-reported pain and fear were highly correlated (p < .001) but not significantly different between the two groups. Fear rated by CLS (p < .001) and parents (p = .003) was significantly lower in experimental participants. Although no differences was found in distress between the two groups, a significant time trend was discovered (p < .001). The parental positioning-distraction intervention has the potential to enhance positive clinical outcomes with a primary benefit of decreased fear. Further research is warranted.
本研究的目的是确定家长的体位调整和注意力分散对接受静脉穿刺的儿科患者的疼痛、恐惧和痛苦的影响。采用实验-对照组设计对43名4至11岁的患者（20名实验组和23名对照组）进行评估。实验组参与者采用家长的体位调整和注意力分散方法。所有参与者对自己的疼痛和恐惧进行评分；家长和儿童生活专家（CLS）对儿童的恐惧进行评分，CLS对儿童的痛苦进行评分。自我报告的疼痛和恐惧高度相关（p < .001），但两组之间无显著差异。CLS（p < .001）和家长（p = .003）评定的实验组参与者的恐惧明显较低。虽然两组在痛苦方面未发现差异，但发现了显著的时间趋势（p < .001）。家长的体位调整-注意力分散干预有可能改善临床效果，主要益处是减少恐惧。有必要进行进一步研究。
