Panagiotopoulos Constadina, Trudeau Jacqueline D, Tan Rusung
British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 4480 Oak Street, Room 2G11, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada.
Curr Diab Rep. 2004 Apr;4(2):87-94. doi: 10.1007/s11892-004-0062-0.
Type 1 diabetes (TID) results from T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic b cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Autoreactive CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize b-cell-derived peptides in the context of major histocompatibility complex class II and I molecules, respectively, in a process that terminates in b-cell death. Many peptide epitopes derived from b-cell proteins have been described for both humans and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, but their relative importance in disease pathogenesis is unclear. The significance of identifying key b-cell epitopes is underscored by a study showing that in the NOD mouse monitoring of a single population of b-cell-specific CTLs in the peripheral blood using a high-avidity analogue of the endogenous peptide may be used to accurately predict diabetes occurrence. Future studies focused on the discovery of immunodominant b-cell epitopes and their high-avidity analogues should have considerable implications for prediction and immunotherapy of TID.
1型糖尿病（TID）是由T细胞介导的、在遗传易感个体中胰腺β细胞的破坏所导致的。自身反应性CD4(+)辅助性T细胞和CD8(+)细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）分别在主要组织相容性复合体II类和I类分子的背景下识别β细胞衍生的肽段，这一过程最终导致β细胞死亡。对于人类和非肥胖糖尿病（NOD）小鼠，已经描述了许多源自β细胞蛋白的肽表位，但它们在疾病发病机制中的相对重要性尚不清楚。一项研究强调了识别关键β细胞表位的重要性，该研究表明，在NOD小鼠中，使用内源性肽的高亲和力类似物监测外周血中单一群体的β细胞特异性CTLs，可用于准确预测糖尿病的发生。未来专注于发现免疫显性β细胞表位及其高亲和力类似物的研究，应该会对TID的预测和免疫治疗产生重大影响。
