Fingas Merv F
Emergencies Science and Technology Division, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont. Canada.
J Hazard Mater. 2004 Feb 27;107(1-2):27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.11.007.
Experimentation shows that oil is not strictly air boundary-layer regulated. The fact that oil evaporation is not strictly boundary-layer regulated implies that a simplistic evaporation equation suffices to describe the process. The following processes do not require consideration: wind velocity, turbulence level, area, thickness, and scale size. The factors important to evaporation are time and temperature. The equation parameters found experimentally for the evaporation of oils can be related to commonly available distillation data for the oil. Specifically, it has been found that the distillation percentage at 180 degrees C correlates well with the equation parameters. Relationships have been developed enabling calculation of evaporation equations directly from distillation data: percentage evaporated = 0.165 (%D)ln(t) where %D is the percentage (by weight) distilled at 180 degrees C and t is the time in minutes. These equations were combined with the equations generated to account for the temperature variations: percentage evaporated = [0.165(%D)+0.045(T-15))ln(t) The results have application in oil spill prediction and modeling. The simple equations can be applied using readily available data such as sea temperature and time. Old equations required oil vapour pressure, specialized distillation data, spill area, wind speed, and mass transfer coefficients, all of which are difficult to obtain.
实验表明，油的蒸发并非严格受空气边界层调节。油蒸发不受严格边界层调节这一事实意味着，一个简单的蒸发方程就足以描述该过程。以下过程无需考虑：风速、湍流水平、面积、厚度和尺度大小。对蒸发重要的因素是时间和温度。通过实验得出的油蒸发方程参数可与该油常见的蒸馏数据相关联。具体而言，已发现180摄氏度时的蒸馏百分比与方程参数密切相关。已建立起相关关系，能够直接根据蒸馏数据计算蒸发方程：蒸发百分比 = 0.165(%D)ln(t)，其中%D是在180摄氏度时蒸馏的百分比（按重量计），t是时间（分钟）。这些方程与为考虑温度变化而生成的方程相结合：蒸发百分比 = [0.165(%D)+0.045(T - 15))ln(t)。这些结果可应用于溢油预测和建模。这些简单方程可利用诸如海水温度和时间等容易获取的数据来应用。旧方程需要油蒸气压、专门的蒸馏数据、溢油面积、风速和传质系数，而所有这些都难以获得。
