Martín-Gil Jesús, Navas-Gracia Luís Manuel, Gómez-Sobrino Ernesto, Correa-Guimaraes Adriana, Hernández-Navarro Salvador, Sánchez-Báscones Mercedes, del Carmen Ramos-Sánchez María
Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias (ETSIIAA), Avda de Madrid 57, 34004, Palencia, Spain.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Apr;99(6):1821-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.031. Epub 2007 May 23.
This work illustrates the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting in degrading fuel-in-water emulsions from oil spills (chapapote), and the isolation of potentially useful microorganisms for its biodegradation. Firstly, an alternative to the biodegradation of asphaltens from the Prestige oil spill (still present in some chapapote rafts in the Cantabrian coast) by means of the application of composting techniques to a microbial partnership acclimated to fuel-oil is offered. Our aim is that, after a relatively short period of time, the microorganisms can obtain its source of carbon and energy from asphaltens. The addition of metabolic co-substrates, like cow bed and potato peelings, allows the fragmentation of complex compounds into smaller structures, susceptible to further degradation. Afterwards, a maturation of the compost by means of a treatment with earthworms (Eisenia foetida) is necessary. Thus, through the vermicomposting it will be possible to obtain a valued product, useful in the processes of ground amendment, with little presence of asphaltens and occluded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rich in humus, and with an important bacterial flora of Bacillus genera, so that it can be typical of co-activators and accelerating products in composting processes. Along with this article, we show some parameters that control the evolution of the compost products (evolved gases, acidity, temperature and humidity); the chemical and microbiological analytical results; and the germination assays of vermicomposting. Results reveal that by using microorganisms living in either earthworm intestines (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) or vermiculture substrates (Scedosporium apiospermium), it is possible to degrade and to eliminate the polycyclic asphaltens into CO(2) and H(2)O, helped by evaporation, dissolution and/or photo-oxidation processes. The obtained end product has contents of interesting vegetal nutrients and, mainly, it displays very high germination indices.
这项工作阐明了堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥在降解溢油（chapapote）产生的水包油乳液方面的有效性，以及分离出对其生物降解具有潜在作用的微生物。首先，提供了一种通过将堆肥技术应用于适应燃料油的微生物组合，来生物降解“威望号”油轮泄漏的沥青质（仍存在于坎塔布连海岸的一些chapapote浮筏中）的替代方法。我们的目标是，在相对较短的时间内，微生物能够从沥青质中获取碳源和能量。添加代谢共底物，如牛粪和土豆皮，可使复杂化合物分解成更小的结构，易于进一步降解。之后，有必要通过用蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）处理使堆肥成熟。因此，通过蚯蚓堆肥有可能获得一种有价值的产品，该产品可用于土壤改良过程，沥青质和封闭的多环芳烃含量低，富含腐殖质，且有重要的芽孢杆菌属菌群，因此它可以成为堆肥过程中典型的共激活剂和加速产品。随本文一起，我们展示了一些控制堆肥产品演变的参数（逸出气体、酸度、温度和湿度）；化学和微生物分析结果；以及蚯蚓堆肥的发芽试验。结果表明，利用生活在蚯蚓肠道中的微生物（嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌）或蚯蚓养殖基质中的微生物（尖端赛多孢），在蒸发、溶解和/或光氧化过程的帮助下，有可能将多环沥青质降解并消除为二氧化碳和水。所获得的最终产品含有有趣的植物养分，并且主要显示出非常高的发芽指数。
