Thoma Ingeborg, Krischke Markus, Loeffler Christane, Mueller Martin J
Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
Chem Phys Lipids. 2004 Mar;128(1-2):135-48. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.10.002.
Higher plants are generally unable to synthesize arachidonic acid, and thus, do neither form prostaglandins nor C20-isoprostanes. Instead, plants utilize linolenic acid for the synthesis of prostaglandin-like compounds of the jasmonate type via the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase pathway and C18-isoprostanoids, termed phytoprostanes, via a nonenzymatic, free radical catalyzed pathway analogous to the isoprostane pathway in animals. Both pathways are constitutively present in many if not all plants. Formation of jasmonates can be triggered by specific stimuli interacting with membrane receptors while phytoprostane synthesis can be induced by ROS and heavy metals. Jasmonates are established plant signal compounds that induce defense responses including accumulation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (phytoalexins). Preliminary data indicates that phytoprostanes also induce phytoalexins in a variety of plant species suggesting a possible function of phytoprostanes as mediators of defense reactions in response to oxidative stress in plants.
高等植物通常无法合成花生四烯酸，因此既不能形成前列腺素，也不能形成C20 - 异前列腺素。相反，植物利用亚麻酸通过脂氧合酶/丙二烯氧化物合酶途径合成茉莉酸类前列腺素样化合物，并通过类似于动物体内异前列腺素途径的非酶自由基催化途径合成C18 - 异前列腺素，即植物前列腺素。这两条途径在许多（如果不是所有）植物中都有组成性表达。茉莉酸类化合物的形成可由与膜受体相互作用的特定刺激触发，而植物前列腺素的合成可由活性氧和重金属诱导。茉莉酸类化合物是已确定的植物信号化合物，可诱导防御反应，包括抗菌次生代谢产物（植保素）的积累。初步数据表明，植物前列腺素也能在多种植物物种中诱导植保素，这表明植物前列腺素可能作为植物对氧化应激反应中防御反应的介质发挥作用。
