Cybulski Peter A, Joo Hwan, Honey R John D'A
Division of Urology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2, Canada.
Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Feb;31(1):43-7, viii. doi: 10.1016/S0094-0143(03)00087-9.
Ureterorenoscopy (URS) is a vital procedure in the armamentarium of the modern-day urologist for the management of ureteral and renal pathology. With advances in ureteroscopic design and the introduction of short-acting anesthetics, URS can now be performed efficiently with high patient satisfaction and minimal posteroperative recovery time. Recently, URS under local anesthesia, with or without sedation, has become a viable option for a high percentage of correctly selected patients. For those patients who then require deeper sedation or general anesthesia, anesthesia can be induced quickly with the new agents such as remifentanil, propofol, and desflurane, without a prolonged postoperative recovery period.
输尿管肾镜检查（URS）是现代泌尿外科医生用于处理输尿管和肾脏病变的重要手段。随着输尿管镜设计的进步以及短效麻醉剂的引入，如今URS能够高效进行，患者满意度高且术后恢复时间最短。近来，局部麻醉下的URS，无论是否联合镇静，对于很大比例的合适患者而言已成为一种可行选择。对于那些随后需要更深度镇静或全身麻醉的患者，使用瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚和地氟烷等新型药物可迅速诱导麻醉，且术后恢复时间不会延长。
