Accidents in the institutionalized elderly: injuries and consequences.

A total of 308 major and 519 minor accidents involving 588 patients occurred during one year at a somatic long-term care hospital and its associated nursing homes. In relation to the number of patients, the incidence of accidents was nearly three times higher in the nursing homes than in the hospital. The most prevalent injuries in female patients were fractures and hematomas, while open wounds were more frequent among male patients. Hip fractures were about as common in women as in men, while fractures of the extremities were three times more frequent in women. The majority of the accidents occurred during daytime, in the patient's room and in many cases soon after admission. Most of the injuries were caused by falls and in more than 90% no staff was present. Accidents were reported most frequently in October-December, and least often in July-September. Two thirds of the severely injured had to be transferred to an emergency hospital for surgery or other treatment. Patients who had had major accidents also had a higher mortality rate six months after the accidents as compared to a control group. The medical and functional consequences for the patients were considerable. Measures to reduce the number of accidents among geriatric patients are therefore urgently needed.