Svensson M L, Rundgren A, Larsson M, Landahl S
Department of Geriatric and Long-Term Care Medicine, University of Göteborg, Vasa Hospital, Sweden.
Aging (Milano). 1992 Jun;4(2):125-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03324079.
A total of 308 major and 519 minor accidents involving 588 patients occurred during one year at a somatic long-term care hospital and its associated nursing homes. In relation to the number of patients, the incidence of accidents was nearly three times higher in the nursing homes than in the hospital. The most prevalent injuries in female patients were fractures and hematomas, while open wounds were more frequent among male patients. Hip fractures were about as common in women as in men, while fractures of the extremities were three times more frequent in women. The majority of the accidents occurred during daytime, in the patient's room and in many cases soon after admission. Most of the injuries were caused by falls and in more than 90% no staff was present. Accidents were reported most frequently in October-December, and least often in July-September. Two thirds of the severely injured had to be transferred to an emergency hospital for surgery or other treatment. Patients who had had major accidents also had a higher mortality rate six months after the accidents as compared to a control group. The medical and functional consequences for the patients were considerable. Measures to reduce the number of accidents among geriatric patients are therefore urgently needed.
在一家躯体长期护理医院及其附属养老院的一年时间里，共发生了308起重大事故和519起轻微事故，涉及588名患者。就患者数量而言，养老院的事故发生率比医院高出近三倍。女性患者中最常见的损伤是骨折和血肿，而男性患者中开放性伤口更为常见。髋部骨折在女性和男性中的发生率大致相同，而四肢骨折在女性中更为常见，是男性的三倍。大多数事故发生在白天，在患者病房内，而且在许多情况下是在入院后不久。大多数损伤是由跌倒造成的，超过90%的事故发生时没有工作人员在场。事故报告最频繁的时间是10月至12月，最少的是7月至9月。三分之二的重伤患者必须被转至急诊医院进行手术或其他治疗。与对照组相比，发生重大事故的患者在事故发生六个月后的死亡率也更高。这些事故给患者带来的医疗和功能后果相当严重。因此，迫切需要采取措施减少老年患者的事故数量。
