Hatcher R A, Warner D L
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Aug;4(4):513-21.
Barriers and spermicides are being developed for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. The inconvenience of current methods limits their acceptability and leads to higher user failure rates. New methods, such as female condoms, nonlatex male condoms, and new cervical caps are being developed: the Reality (Wisconsin Pharmacal, Jackson, WI) polyurethane vaginal pouch has already received conditional Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the United States. The material used in a Food and Drug Administration-approved nonallergenic glove is being tested for its effectiveness as a condom. In addition, the Fem Cap, a cervical cap that had a life table probability of failure within 1 year of 4.8%, is expected to be available within the next 2 years. It is important for clinicians to be informed of new options becoming available for those patients who may be good candidates for these barrier methods.
目前正在研发屏障避孕法和杀精剂，用于预防意外怀孕和性传播感染。现有方法的不便之处限制了它们的可接受性，并导致更高的使用者失败率。新型方法，如女用避孕套、非乳胶男用避孕套和新型宫颈帽正在研发中：Reality（威斯康星制药公司，威斯康星州杰克逊）聚氨酯阴道套已获得美国食品药品监督管理局有条件批准，可在美国使用。一种食品药品监督管理局批准的无过敏反应手套所使用的材料正在作为避孕套测试其有效性。此外，Fem Cap宫颈帽预计将在未来两年内上市，其1年内失败的生命表概率为4.8%。对于临床医生来说，了解这些屏障避孕法的新选择对于那些可能适合这些方法的患者很重要。
