Holland Rob W, Roeder Ute-Regina, van Baaren Rick B, Brandt Aafje C, Hannover Bettina
Department of Social Psychology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Psychol Sci. 2004 Apr;15(4):237-42. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00658.x.
Three studies investigated the effects of self-construal activation on behavior conducive to interpersonal proximity. Study 1 revealed that compared with control participants, participants who were primed with the independent (or personal) self sat further away from where they anticipated another person would sit in a waiting room. Results of Study 2 indicated that participants primed with the interdependent (or social) self sat closer to the anticipated other person than did those primed with the independent self. Finally, Study 3 used the chronic self-construal of participants to predict the seating distance in dyadic settings. Results showed that greater independence of participants' self-construals was associated with greater spatial distance during the interaction. Together, the studies provide clear evidence that self-construal activation automatically influences interpersonal behavior as reflected in the actual distance between the self and others. Results are discussed in terms of the functions and motives connected to self-construals.
三项研究调查了自我建构激活对有助于人际亲近行为的影响。研究1表明，与对照组参与者相比，被启动独立（或个人）自我的参与者在候诊室里坐得离他们预期另一个人会坐的地方更远。研究2的结果表明，被启动相互依存（或社会）自我的参与者比被启动独立自我的参与者坐得离预期的另一个人更近。最后，研究3利用参与者的长期自我建构来预测二元情境中的就座距离。结果显示，参与者自我建构的独立性越强，互动过程中的空间距离就越大。这些研究共同提供了明确的证据，即自我建构激活会自动影响人际行为，这反映在自我与他人之间的实际距离上。研究结果将根据与自我建构相关的功能和动机进行讨论。
