Schroen Anneke T, Brownstein Michelle R, Sheldon George F
Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709, USA.
Acad Med. 2004 Apr;79(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200404000-00006.
To portray the professional experiences of men and women in academic general surgery with specific attention to factors associated with differing academic productivity and with leaving academia.
A 131-question survey was mailed to all female (1,076) and a random 2:1 sample of male (2,152) members of the American College of Surgeons in three mailings between September 1998 and March 1999. Detailed questions regarding academic rank, career aspirations, publication rate, grant funding, workload, harassment, income, marriage and parenthood were asked. A five-point Likert scale measured influences on career satisfaction. Responses from strictly academic and tenure-track surgeons were analyzed and interpreted by gender, age, and rank.
Overall, 317 surgeons in academic practice (168 men, 149 women) responded, of which 150 were in tenure-track positions (86 men, 64 women). Men and women differed in academic rank, tenure status, career aspirations, and income. Women surgeons had published a median of ten articles compared with 25 articles for men (p <.001). Marriage or parenthood did not influence numbers of publications for women. Overall career satisfaction was high, but women reported feeling career advancement opportunities were not equally available to them as to their male colleagues and feeling isolation from surgical peers. Ten percent to 20% of surgeons considered leaving academia, with women assistant professors (29%) contemplating this most commonly.
Addressing the differences between men and women academic general surgeons is critical in fostering career development and in recruiting competitive candidates of both sexes to general surgery.
描述普通外科领域男性和女性的职业经历，特别关注与学术产出差异以及离开学术界相关的因素。
1998年9月至1999年3月间分三次向美国外科医师学会的所有女性会员（1076名）以及随机抽取的2:1男性会员样本（2152名）邮寄了一份包含131个问题的调查问卷。问卷询问了有关学术职称、职业抱负、发表率、资助资金、工作量、骚扰、收入、婚姻和生育等详细问题。采用五点李克特量表来衡量对职业满意度的影响。对纯学术型和终身教职外科医生的回复按性别、年龄和职称进行分析和解读。
总体而言，317名从事学术工作的外科医生（168名男性，149名女性）做出了回复，其中150人处于终身教职岗位（86名男性，64名女性）。男性和女性在学术职称、终身教职状态、职业抱负和收入方面存在差异。女性外科医生发表文章的中位数为10篇，而男性为25篇（p<.001）。婚姻或生育对女性的发表数量没有影响。总体职业满意度较高，但女性表示感觉职业晋升机会不如男性同事多，且与外科同行存在隔离感。10%至20%的外科医生考虑离开学术界，其中女性助理教授（29%）最常考虑此事。
解决普通外科领域男女学术医生之间的差异对于促进职业发展以及吸引两性中有竞争力的候选人从事普通外科工作至关重要。
