Jaspan Heather B, Garry Robert F
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
Curr HIV Res. 2003 Jul;1(3):321-7. doi: 10.2174/1570162033485221.
Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has become rare in developed countries, with the use of highly active antiretroviral treatment, elective cesarean section, and avoidance of breastfeeding. In the developing world, however, these interventions are unfeasible, and cost-saving methods for prevention of vertical transmission are vital. Prevention begins with voluntary counseling and testing, improved maternal education and access to prenatal care. Various antiretroviral drugs administered before, during, and for short periods after delivery have decreased vertical transmission. Where safe and compliant formula feeding is difficult, avoidance of mixed feeding may improve infant outcomes. However, post-natal transmission via breast milk remains a major challenge. As we continue to find cost-effective answers to protect infants worldwide, the search for a HIV-1 vaccine continues.
在发达国家，通过使用高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、选择性剖宫产和避免母乳喂养，人类免疫缺陷病毒1型的母婴传播已变得罕见。然而，在发展中世界，这些干预措施不可行，因此预防垂直传播的低成本方法至关重要。预防工作始于自愿咨询和检测、改善孕产妇教育以及增加获得产前护理的机会。在分娩前、分娩期间和分娩后短期内使用各种抗逆转录病毒药物可减少垂直传播。在难以进行安全且合规的配方奶喂养的地方，避免混合喂养可能会改善婴儿的结局。然而，通过母乳进行的产后传播仍然是一项重大挑战。在我们继续寻找具有成本效益的方法来保护全球婴儿的同时，对HIV-1疫苗的研究仍在继续。
