Lawani Mohamed Mansourou, Alihonou Eusèbe, Akplogan Barnabé, Poumarat Georges, Okou Laurence, Adjadi Nafissath
Institut national de la jeunesse, de l'éducation physique et du sport, Porto-Novo, 01 BP 169, Benin.
Sante. 2003 Oct-Dec;13(4):235-41.
Antenatal gymnastics is a form of non-pharmacological childbirth preparation methods. It helps maintain rachidian statics and to relieve painful syndromes (joints, lumbar pains) during pregnancy. It also helps correct gravidic problems (leg cramps, back ache, weight increase, etc.). It is both a physical and psychological training method in accordance with the natural mechanisms of childbirth, implying personal involvement on the part of the parturient. Fifty (50) pregnant women of Benin (apart from pathological pregnancies) divided into two groups of 25 subjects (experimental group) and 25 subjects (control group) voluntarily took part in the study after having given their written assent. Each involved subject is paired with a counterpart of control following the same criteria: age of the gestante, parity, characteristic of the pelvis. Subjects aged from 17 to 42 trained twice a week with a minimum of 24 hours rest between two sessions; the training period intensity of exercise is limited to 60% of the maximum heart frequency and each training session lasts 45 min. The results show a lower number of caesareans and a significant lower number of untorn perineas in the experimental group. Apgar scores are also statistically higher in the children of trained women. This study confirms that sedentary pregnant women without any medical counter-indications (repetitive miscarriages, premature births, placenta praevia, cervical gaping, cardiac diseases, hypertension, narrow pelvis) can participate in antenatal gymnastics at a moderated rhythm, for their own benefit and that of their babies. Muscular force improvement (quality of the abdominal pushing), psychological control (absence of stress and panic), and good body form, can be noticed in trained mothers. However, abnormal presentation of baby, fetal suffering and the inherent characteristics of the pelvis (narrow) are factors requiring a caesarean. On the whole, antenatal gymnastics is an effective non-pharmacological means to avoid complications in childbirth. This method might be one of the solutions which could benefit pregnant women in Africa, considering its low cost compared to the exorbitant cost of medicines and hospitalisation.
产前体操是一种非药物性的分娩准备方法。它有助于维持脊柱的静态平衡，并缓解孕期的疼痛综合征（关节痛、腰痛）。它还有助于纠正孕期问题（腿部抽筋、背痛、体重增加等）。这是一种符合自然分娩机制的身心训练方法，需要产妇亲自参与。五十（50）名贝宁孕妇（除病理性妊娠外）在书面同意后自愿参加了该研究，她们被分为两组，每组25名受试者（实验组）和25名受试者（对照组）。每个参与的受试者按照相同标准与一名对照组对应者配对：孕妇年龄、胎次、骨盆特征。年龄在17至42岁之间的受试者每周训练两次，两次训练之间至少休息24小时；训练期间的运动强度限制在最大心率的60%，每次训练持续45分钟。结果显示，实验组的剖腹产数量较少，未撕裂会阴的数量也显著较少。接受训练的孕妇所生子女的阿氏评分在统计学上也更高。这项研究证实，没有任何医学禁忌（反复流产、早产、前置胎盘、宫颈扩张、心脏病、高血压、骨盆狭窄）的久坐孕妇可以以适度的节奏参加产前体操，这对她们自己和宝宝都有好处。在接受训练的母亲身上可以注意到肌肉力量的改善（腹部推挤的质量）、心理控制（无压力和恐慌）以及良好的体型。然而，胎位异常、胎儿窘迫和骨盆的固有特征（狭窄）是需要剖腹产的因素。总体而言，产前体操是一种有效的非药物手段，可以避免分娩并发症。考虑到与药品和住院的高昂费用相比，其成本较低，这种方法可能是使非洲孕妇受益的解决方案之一。
