Stathokostas Liza, Jacob-Johnson Shanthi, Petrella Robert J, Paterson Donald H
Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6G 2M3.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Aug;97(2):781-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00447.2003. Epub 2004 Mar 26.
The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal (10 yr) decline in aerobic power [maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2 max))] and anaerobic threshold [ventilatory threshold (T(Ve))] of older adults living independently in the community. Ten years after initial testing, 62 subjects (34 men, mean age 73.5 +/- 6.4 yr; 28 women, 72.1 +/- 5.3 yr) achieved Vo(2 max) criteria during treadmill walking tests to the limit of tolerance, with T(Ve) determined in a subset of 45. Vo(2 max) in men showed a rate of decline of -0.43 ml.kg(-1).min(-1).yr(-1), and the decline in Vo(2 max) was consequent to a lowered maximal heart rate with no change in the maximum O(2) pulse. The women showed a slower rate of decline of Vo(2 max) of -0.19.ml.kg(-1).min(-1).yr(-1) (P < 0.05), again with a lowered HR(max) and unchanged O(2) pulse. In this sample, lean body mass was not changed over the 10-yr period. Changes in Vo(2 max) were not significantly related to physical activity scores. T(Ve) showed a nonsignificant decline in both men and women. Groupings of young-old (65-72 yr at follow-up) vs. old-old (73-90 yr at follow-up) were examined. In men, there were no differences in the rate of Vo(2 max) decline. The young-old women showed a significant decline in Vo(2 max), whereas old-old women, initially at a Vo(2 max) of 19.4 +/- 3.1 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), showed no loss in Vo(2 max). The longitudinal data, vs. cross-sectional analysis, showed a greater decline for men but similar estimates of the rates of change in women. Thus the 10-yr longitudinal study of the cohort of community-dwelling older adults who remained healthy, ambulatory, and independent showed a 14% decline in Vo(2 max) in men, and a smaller decline of 7% in women, with the oldest women showing little change over the 10-yr period.
本研究的目的是描述社区中独立生活的老年人有氧能力[最大摄氧量（Vo₂max）]和无氧阈[通气阈（T（Ve））]的纵向（10年）下降情况。在初次测试10年后，62名受试者（34名男性，平均年龄73.5±6.4岁；28名女性，72.1±5.3岁）在跑步机步行测试中达到了Vo₂max标准，直至耐受极限，其中45名受试者的子集测定了T（Ve）。男性的Vo₂max下降速率为-0.43 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹·yr⁻¹，Vo₂max的下降是由于最大心率降低，而最大氧脉搏无变化。女性的Vo₂max下降速率较慢，为-0.19 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹·yr⁻¹（P<0.05），同样是最大心率降低且氧脉搏不变。在这个样本中，瘦体重在10年期间没有变化。Vo₂max的变化与体力活动得分无显著相关性。男性和女性的T（Ve）均呈现不显著的下降。对年轻老人（随访时65 - 72岁）与年老老人（随访时73 - 90岁）进行了分组研究。在男性中，Vo₂max下降速率没有差异。年轻老年女性的Vo₂max有显著下降，而年老老年女性最初的Vo₂max为19.4±3.1 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，Vo₂max没有下降。纵向数据与横断面分析相比，男性下降幅度更大，但女性变化速率的估计值相似。因此，对保持健康、能行走且独立的社区居住老年人群体进行的10年纵向研究表明，男性的Vo₂max下降了14%，女性下降了7%，下降幅度较小，而最年长的女性在10年期间几乎没有变化。
