Jackson A S, Beard E F, Wier L T, Ross R M, Stuteville J E, Blair S N
Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jan;27(1):113-20.
This study quantified and compared the cross-sectional and longitudinal influence of age, self-report physical activity (SR-PA), and body composition (%fat) on the decline of maximal aerobic power (VO2peak). The cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,499 healthy men ages 25-70 yr. The 156 men of the longitudinal sample were from the same population and examined twice, the mean time between tests was 4.1 (+/- 1.2) yr. Peak oxygen uptake was determined by indirect calorimetry during a maximal treadmill exercise test. The zero-order correlations between VO2peak and %fat (r = -0.62) and SR-PA (r = 0.58) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher that the age correlation (r = -0.45). Linear regression defined the cross-sectional age-related decline in VO2peak at 0.46 ml.kg-1.min-1.yr-1. Multiple regression analysis (R = 0.79) showed that nearly 50% of this cross-sectional decline was due to %fat and SR-PA, adding these lifestyle variables to the multiple regression model reduced the age regression weight to -0.26 ml.kg-1.min-1.yr-1. Statistically controlling for time differences between tests, general linear models analysis showed that longitudinal changes in aerobic power were due to independent changes in %fat and SR-PA, confirming the cross-sectional results.
本研究对年龄、自我报告的身体活动（SR-PA）和身体成分（%脂肪）对最大有氧能力（VO2peak）下降的横断面和纵向影响进行了量化和比较。横断面样本包括1499名年龄在25至70岁之间的健康男性。纵向样本中的156名男性来自同一人群，接受了两次检查，两次测试之间的平均时间为4.1（±1.2）年。在最大跑步机运动测试期间，通过间接量热法测定峰值摄氧量。VO2peak与%脂肪（r = -0.62）和SR-PA（r = 0.58）之间的零阶相关性显著（P < 0.05）高于与年龄的相关性（r = -0.45）。线性回归确定VO2peak与年龄相关的横断面下降为0.46 ml·kg-1·min-1·yr-1。多元回归分析（R = 0.79）表明，这种横断面下降的近50%归因于%脂肪和SR-PA，将这些生活方式变量添加到多元回归模型中，使年龄回归权重降至-0.26 ml·kg-1·min-1·yr-1。在对测试之间的时间差异进行统计控制后，一般线性模型分析表明，有氧能力的纵向变化归因于%脂肪和SR-PA的独立变化，证实了横断面研究结果。
