Vlahov David, Fuller Crystal M, Ompad Danielle C, Galea Sandro, Des Jarlais Don C
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
J Urban Health. 2004 Mar;81(1):14-9. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jth083.
Current approaches to prevention of blood-borne infections in injection drug users include referral to drug abuse treatment, access to sterile syringes, bleach disinfection of injection equipment, and education about not sharing equipment. However, rates of some blood-borne infections (e.g., hepatitis C virus) remain elevated among injection drug users, especially early after initiation into injection drug use. With lower infection rates in noninjectors and transition into injection drug use occurring most commonly among these noninjectors, prevention of transition into injection drug use as an additional step to reduce risk for acquisition and transmission of blood-borne infections merits closer attention.
目前针对注射吸毒者预防血源性感染的方法包括转介至药物滥用治疗机构、提供无菌注射器、对注射设备进行漂白剂消毒以及开展关于不共用设备的教育。然而，一些血源性感染（如丙型肝炎病毒）在注射吸毒者中的发生率仍然很高，尤其是在开始注射吸毒后的早期。非注射吸毒者的感染率较低，且向注射吸毒的转变最常发生在这些非注射吸毒者中，因此，将预防向注射吸毒的转变作为降低血源性感染获取和传播风险的额外措施，值得密切关注。
