Gegeshidze Ketino, Tsagareli Merab G
Department of Neuropsychophysiology, Asatiani Intitute of Psychiatry, Tbilisi, Georgia.
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;5(1):26-32. doi: 10.1080/15622970410029904.
To investigate the number of correct responses, the reaction time and the event-related brain potentials, effects of positive and negative verbal reinforcement on the visuo-spatial recognition of simple geometric figures, in condition of backward masking, were studied in healthy subjects and patients with chronic alcoholism. It was found that in performing the mental construction of geometrical figures from pairs of fragments, the number of correct responses by alcoholics, unlike the control group, was greater and the reaction time was lesser in the tests after positive verbal reinforcement than after negative verbal reinforcement. The latter in healthy subjects produce reduction of the latency and increase in the amplitude of N200-P300 potentials, particularly in the right parietal lobe. These changes were not observed in alcoholics. Moreover, negative verbal reinforcement, unlike positive, produced an emotional reaction, which underlay the worsening in recognition by alcoholics. The patients' lesser ability to perform the visuo-spatial tasks could be explained by the general reduction in the event-related potentials and the disappearance of the brain asymmetry. The verbal feedback mechanisms of reinforcement play an important role in the dynamic changes in the hemispheric lateralization of the human brain.
为了研究正确反应的数量、反应时间以及事件相关脑电位，我们在健康受试者和慢性酒精中毒患者中，研究了在逆向掩蔽条件下，正负言语强化对简单几何图形视觉空间识别的影响。结果发现，在从成对的碎片中进行几何图形的心理构建时，与对照组不同，酒精中毒者在积极言语强化后的测试中正确反应的数量更多，反应时间更短。而在健康受试者中，消极言语强化会使N200 - P300电位的潜伏期缩短、波幅增大，尤其是在右侧顶叶。酒精中毒者未观察到这些变化。此外，与积极言语强化不同，消极言语强化会引发一种情绪反应，这是导致酒精中毒者识别能力下降的原因。患者执行视觉空间任务能力较低可归因于事件相关电位的普遍降低以及脑不对称性的消失。言语强化的反馈机制在人类大脑半球侧化的动态变化中起着重要作用。
