Sif Saïd
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2004 Apr 15;91(6):1087-98. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20005.
Chromatin remodeling complexes play a central role in the control of nuclear processes that utilize genomic DNA as a template including transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. Modulation of chromatin structure is mediated by a wide variety of enzymes which can affect nucleosome stability by either disrupting histone-DNA contacts or by covalently modifying histones and/or DNA. Although the biochemical properties of most chromatin-modifying enzymes have been well characterized and links between histone and DNA-modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes have been established, the importance of their concerted action has just begun to emerge. As more and more genes are examined, new rules are being established about their transcriptional regulation, and it is becoming clear that diverse mechanisms are used to modify chromatin and either promote or hinder accessibility to DNA and histones. Moreover, the involvement of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in transcriptional regulation of cyclin genes and the association of misregulated expression of chromatin remodeling subunits with many cancers highlight the importance of chromatin remodeling complexes in the control of cell growth and proliferation.
染色质重塑复合物在以基因组DNA为模板的核过程控制中发挥核心作用，这些核过程包括转录、复制、重组和修复。染色质结构的调节由多种酶介导，这些酶可通过破坏组蛋白-DNA接触或通过共价修饰组蛋白和/或DNA来影响核小体稳定性。尽管大多数染色质修饰酶的生化特性已得到充分表征，并且已建立了组蛋白和DNA修饰酶与ATP依赖的染色质重塑复合物之间的联系，但它们协同作用的重要性才刚刚开始显现。随着越来越多的基因被研究，关于它们转录调控的新规则正在建立，并且越来越清楚的是，多种机制被用于修饰染色质，从而促进或阻碍对DNA和组蛋白的可及性。此外，ATP依赖的染色质重塑因子参与细胞周期蛋白基因的转录调控，以及染色质重塑亚基的表达失调与许多癌症的关联，突出了染色质重塑复合物在控制细胞生长和增殖中的重要性。
