Serniclaes Willy, Van Heghe Sandra, Mousty Philippe, Carré René, Sprenger-Charolles Liliane
CNRS-LEAPLE, UMR 8606, and Université René Descartes, 94801 Paris, France.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2004 Apr;87(4):336-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.001.
Perceptual discrimination between speech sounds belonging to different phoneme categories is better than that between sounds falling within the same category. This property, known as "categorical perception," is weaker in children affected by dyslexia. Categorical perception develops from the predispositions of newborns for discriminating all potential phoneme categories in the world's languages. Predispositions that are not relevant for phoneme perception in the ambient language are usually deactivated during early childhood. However, the current study shows that dyslexic children maintain a higher sensitivity to phonemic distinctions irrelevant in their linguistic environment. This suggests that dyslexic children use an allophonic mode of speech perception that, although without straightforward consequences for oral communication, has obvious implications for the acquisition of alphabetic writing. Allophonic perception specifically affects the mapping between graphemes and phonemes, contrary to other manifestations of dyslexia, and may be a core deficit.
属于不同音素类别的语音之间的感知辨别能力，要优于同一类别内语音之间的感知辨别能力。这种特性，即所谓的“范畴知觉”，在受诵读困难影响的儿童中较弱。范畴知觉源于新生儿对世界语言中所有潜在音素类别的辨别倾向。与周围语言中的音素感知无关的倾向，通常在幼儿期就会被抑制。然而，当前的研究表明，诵读困难儿童对其语言环境中无关的音素差异保持着更高的敏感性。这表明，诵读困难儿童使用的是一种音位变体的语音感知模式，这种模式虽然对口头交流没有直接影响，但对字母书写的习得有着明显的影响。与诵读困难的其他表现形式相反，音位变体感知特别影响着字形与音素之间的映射，并且可能是一个核心缺陷。
