Pozner Charles N, Zane Richard, Nelson Stephen J, Levine Michael
Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School 75, Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Resuscitation. 2004 Mar;60(3):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.11.004.
Emergency medical services (EMS) is an organised system designed to transport sick or injured patients to the hospital. Though EMS system configurations can be quite varied in design depending on locale, we provide an overview of EMS as it has evolved and is currently modelled in the US. We outline the history of EMS in the US, including the major events and legislation that shaped the current models that are in existence. We provide an overview of provider training, system design, system funding, and dispatch issues. The concepts of medical direction for physician surrogates, as well as EMS as it relates to specialty care are also elucidated.
紧急医疗服务（EMS）是一个旨在将患病或受伤患者转运至医院的有组织的系统。尽管EMS系统的配置因地区不同在设计上差异很大，但我们将概述其在美国的发展历程以及当前的模式。我们将勾勒美国EMS的历史，包括塑造现有模式的重大事件和立法。我们还将概述提供者培训、系统设计、系统资金和调度问题。此外，还将阐明医生代理人的医疗指导概念以及与专科护理相关的EMS。
