Vandell D L, Ramanan J
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Child Dev. 1992 Aug;63(4):938-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01673.x.
The effects of early maternal employment (employment during the child's first 3 years) and recent maternal employment (employment during the previous 3 years) on 189 second-grade children from low-income families were examined. Maternal employment was related to a number of selection factors. In comparison to mothers who were not employed, employed mothers scored higher on a mental aptitude test and were more highly educated. Both early and recent maternal employment were also associated with measures of the current family functioning: there was less poverty and higher HOME environment scores when mothers were employed. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that children's math achievement was positively predicted by early maternal employment and children's reading achievement was positively predicted by recent maternal employment, even after controlling for selection effects and current family environment. These results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms by which maternal employment may affect children's development.
研究了早期母亲就业（孩子出生头3年母亲就业）和近期母亲就业（过去3年母亲就业）对189名来自低收入家庭的二年级儿童的影响。母亲就业与许多选择因素有关。与未就业的母亲相比，就业母亲在智力测验中得分更高，受教育程度也更高。早期和近期母亲就业也都与当前家庭功能的指标相关：母亲就业时贫困程度较低，家庭环境量表得分较高。分层多元回归分析表明，即使在控制了选择效应和当前家庭环境之后，早期母亲就业对孩子的数学成绩有正向预测作用，近期母亲就业对孩子的阅读成绩有正向预测作用。本文将根据母亲就业可能影响孩子发展的潜在机制来讨论这些结果。
