Oenema O, van Liere L, Plette S, Prins T, van Zeijts H, Schoumans O
Wageningen University & Research Centre, Alterra, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;49(3):101-8.
This study explores the effects of manure policy options for agricultural land in The Netherlands on nitrate leaching to groundwater, ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere and on eutrophication of surface waters. The implementation of the farm gate balance MINAS at farm level, with levy-free N surpluses in the range of 300 to 40 kg per ha per year, and levy-free P surpluses in the range of 17.5 to 0.4 kg of P per ha per year, have been examined. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater are related to N surplus, land use, soil type and groundwater level. On dry sandy soils, the N surplus has to be below 60 to 140 kg of N per ha per year, depending on land use, to decrease the nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater to below 50 mg nitrate per litre. Decreases of N and P concentrations in surface waters, upon lowering levy-free surpluses appear relatively small. For improving the ecological state of surface waters, we recommend a combination of low levy-free N and P surpluses with dredging P rich sediments, flushing of ditches, and decreasing discharges from other sources.
本研究探讨了荷兰农业用地的粪便政策选项对地下水硝酸盐淋失、大气氨和一氧化二氮排放以及地表水富营养化的影响。研究考察了在农场层面实施农场大门平衡MINAS的情况，即每年每公顷无征税氮盈余范围为300至40千克，每年每公顷无征税磷盈余范围为17.5至0.4千克磷。结果表明，上层地下水中的硝酸盐浓度与氮盈余、土地利用、土壤类型和地下水位有关。在干燥的沙质土壤上，根据土地利用情况，每年每公顷的氮盈余必须低于60至140千克，才能将上层地下水中的硝酸盐浓度降至每升50毫克硝酸盐以下。随着无征税盈余的降低，地表水中氮和磷浓度的下降相对较小。为改善地表水的生态状况，我们建议将低无征税氮和磷盈余与疏浚富含磷的沉积物、冲洗沟渠以及减少其他来源的排放相结合。
