Stevenson Lisa M, Carlson Richard A
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Dec;31(8):1249-59. doi: 10.3758/bf03195808.
In three experiments, we examined the sensitivity of information acquisition strategies to the underlying cognitive structure of arithmetic tasks. Previous work has shown that individuals solve arithmetic problems more quickly when they consider operators before operands. The operators establish the goal, and the operands are then assimilated into that goal. In the present experiments, participants performed arithmetic tasks in which they controlled the display of operators and operands, using separate keystrokes. The participants chose to see the operator before the operands in most conditions. This ordering was more likely when task constraints made it easier to achieve, when feedback emphasized execution time, and in a more complex multiple-step task. These results extend previous research on strategy selection and information acquisition, supporting the idea that coordination between the environment and ongoing cognition is an important feature of cognitive skill.
在三项实验中，我们研究了信息获取策略对算术任务潜在认知结构的敏感性。先前的研究表明，个体在考虑运算符先于操作数时能更快地解决算术问题。运算符确立目标，然后操作数被纳入该目标。在本实验中，参与者执行算术任务，他们通过单独按键来控制运算符和操作数的显示。在大多数情况下，参与者选择先查看运算符再查看操作数。当任务限制使其更容易实现时、当反馈强调执行时间时以及在更复杂的多步骤任务中，这种顺序更有可能出现。这些结果扩展了先前关于策略选择和信息获取的研究，支持了环境与正在进行的认知之间的协调是认知技能的一个重要特征这一观点。
