Rosenbaum D A, Carlson R A, Gilmore R O
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:453-70. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.453.
Recent evidence indicates that intellectual and perceptual-motor skills are acquired in fundamentally similar ways. Transfer specificity, generativity, and the use of abstract rules and reflexlike productions are similar in the two skill domains; brain sites subserving thought processes and perceptual-motor processes are not as distinct as once thought; explicit and implicit knowledge characterize both kinds of skill; learning rates, training effects, and learning stages are remarkably similar for the two skill classes; and imagery, long thought to play a distinctive role in high-level thought, also plays a role in perceptual-motor learning and control. The conclusion that intellectual skills and perceptual-motor skills are psychologically more alike than different accords with the view that all knowledge is performatory.
最近的证据表明，智力技能和感知运动技能是以基本相似的方式习得的。在这两个技能领域中，迁移特异性、生成性以及抽象规则和类似反射的产物的使用是相似的；支持思维过程和感知运动过程的脑区并不像曾经认为的那样截然不同；显性和隐性知识是这两种技能的特征；这两类技能的学习速度、训练效果和学习阶段非常相似；长期以来被认为在高级思维中发挥独特作用的意象，在感知运动学习和控制中也发挥作用。智力技能和感知运动技能在心理上的相似性大于差异性这一结论，与所有知识都是操作性的观点一致。
