Keane Margaret M, Wong Bonnie M, Verfaellie Mieke
Wellesley College, Department of Psychology, MA 02481, USA.
Am J Psychol. 2004 Spring;117(1):93-113.
We examined priming of orthographically illegal nonwords in a perceptual identification task and a word judgment task in undergraduate participants. In perceptual identification, priming was significant and equivalent after structural or phonological encoding. In word judgment, priming was significant after phonological encoding but not structural encoding. In a follow-up experiment in older control participants and amnesic participants, priming in word judgment was not significant. Older control participants found the stimuli more difficult to pronounce than did undergraduate participants, and word judgment priming in undergaduate participants was significant only for the stimuli that were judged easy to pronounce. These findings demonstrate that priming in perceptual identification and word judgment extends to novel stimuli that are not linked to preexisting lexical or sublexical representations but that priming occurs at different levels in the two tasks: at a featural or orthographic level in perceptual identification and at a phonological level in word judgment.
我们在本科参与者中进行了一项知觉识别任务和一项单词判断任务，研究了正字法非法非词的启动效应。在知觉识别中，结构编码或语音编码后的启动效应显著且相当。在单词判断中，语音编码后的启动效应显著，但结构编码后则不然。在一项针对老年对照参与者和失忆参与者的后续实验中，单词判断中的启动效应不显著。老年对照参与者发现刺激比本科参与者更难发音，并且本科参与者中单词判断的启动效应仅在被判断为易于发音的刺激中显著。这些发现表明，知觉识别和单词判断中的启动效应扩展到了与预先存在的词汇或次词汇表征无关的新刺激，但启动效应在这两项任务中的发生水平不同：在知觉识别中发生在特征或正字法水平，在单词判断中发生在语音水平。
