Pentz Mary Ann
Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Alhambra 91803, USA.
Prev Sci. 2004 Mar;5(1):23-9. doi: 10.1023/b:prev.0000013978.00943.30.
Prevention research is at a stage where evidence-based programs and strategies have been identified, and the next question is how to diffuse them. However, the context in which evidence-based programs were first tested and found to be effective may have changed, raising the question of whether the current burden of proof of effectiveness of these programs should be examined before, or at least in conjunction with, diffusion research. This paper discusses, first, contextual changes in testing the effectiveness of prevention programs that have been hitherto identified as evidence-based, and then suggests designs for the next generation of effectiveness trials. Following this, gaps in current diffusion research are discussed according to the four stages of diffusion: adoption, implementation, dissemination, and sustainability, with the major focus on implementation. Designs that may address these gaps in future research are considered, with particular application to prevention research in schools.
基于证据的项目和策略已被确定，接下来的问题是如何推广它们。然而，最初测试并发现基于证据的项目有效的背景可能已经发生了变化，这就引发了一个问题：在进行推广研究之前，或者至少在进行推广研究的同时，是否应该审视这些项目目前的有效性证明责任。本文首先讨论了迄今已被确定为基于证据的预防项目在测试有效性方面的背景变化，然后提出了下一代有效性试验的设计方案。在此之后，根据推广的四个阶段：采用、实施、传播和可持续性，讨论了当前推广研究中的差距，主要侧重于实施阶段。考虑了可能弥补未来研究中这些差距的设计方案，尤其适用于学校预防研究。
