Ohkuma Moriya, Yuzawa Hiroe, Amornsak Weerawan, Sornnuwat Yupaporn, Takematsu Yoko, Yamada Akinori, Vongkaluang Charunee, Sarnthoy Ouab, Kirtibutr Nit, Noparatnaraporn Napavarn, Kudo Toshiaki, Inoue Tetsushi
Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 May;31(2):701-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.009.
The families Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae are the most evolved and diverse groups of the social insects, termites (Order Isoptera), showing elaborated morphology and complex behavior. Molecular phylogeny of termites with the emphasis on these families was examined by Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene of 31 genera sampled in Asia (mainly Thailand and Japan) along with those reported previously. Termitidae was monophyletic and originated from within polyphyletic Rhinotermitidae. Among the four subfamilies of Termitidae, Macrotermitinae was monophyletic suggesting a single common origin of fungus-growing habit characteristic for this subfamily, and was placed in the basal position in the family. A group consisting of other subfamilies Termitinae and Nasutitermitinae, though some important groups were still untouched, was the most apical but neither Termitinae nor Nasutitermitinae formed a monophyletic lineage. It was implied that, as defense systems of the soldier castes, the appearance of snapping mandibles has occurred at a single event, but the development of nasus for chemical secretion has probably not. Our tree provides some evidence concerning contradictions in the previously proposed phylogeny of termites.
白蚁科（Termitidae）和鼻白蚁科（Rhinotermitidae）是社会性昆虫白蚁（等翅目）中进化程度最高、种类最多样化的群体，展现出精细的形态和复杂的行为。基于在亚洲（主要是泰国和日本）采样的31个属以及先前报道的属的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶II（COII）基因的DNA序列，通过贝叶斯分析和最大似然分析，对白蚁尤其是这两个科的分子系统发育进行了研究。白蚁科是单系的，起源于多系的鼻白蚁科内部。在白蚁科的四个亚科中，大白蚁亚科（Macrotermitinae）是单系的，表明该亚科具有培养真菌习性的单一共同起源，并处于该科的基部位置。由其他亚科白蚁亚科（Termitinae）和象白蚁亚科（Nasutitermitinae）组成的一个类群，尽管一些重要类群仍未涉及，但处于最顶端位置，不过白蚁亚科和象白蚁亚科都没有形成单系谱系。这意味着，作为兵蚁的防御系统，咬颚的出现是单一事件，但用于化学分泌的鼻的发育可能并非如此。我们的树状图为先前提出的白蚁系统发育中的矛盾提供了一些证据。
