Miura T, Roisin Y, Matsumoto T
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2000 Oct;17(1):1-10. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0790.
The nasute termite genus Nasutitermes is widely distributed over all tropical regions. The phylogenetic relationships among 17 Nasutitermes species from the Pacific tropics were inferred from sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Several methods of analysis yielded phylogenetic trees showing almost the same topology and in good agreement with reconstructions based on morphological or behavioral characters. Neotropical and Australian species came out as separate, apical clades. Asian species split between an apical branch, appearing as sister group to the neotropical clade, and basal taxa. New Guinean species were spread among several clades, suggesting a derivation from multiple origins. A well-supported clade includes the neotropical, Australian, and New Guinean species, with the southeast Asian N. takasagoensis and N. matangensis. It excludes the Asian species N. regularis, N. parvonasutus, and N. longinasus, which might deserve to be removed from Nasutitermes, as well as the long-legged Asian genera Hospitalitermes and Longipeditermes. A Gondwanan origin is proposed for the former clade, although an Old World origin of Nasutitermes followed by dispersal to Australia and South America cannot be excluded.
象鼻白蚁属（Nasutitermes）广泛分布于所有热带地区。基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶II和16S核糖体RNA基因序列，推断了来自太平洋热带地区的17种象鼻白蚁之间的系统发育关系。几种分析方法得出的系统发育树显示出几乎相同的拓扑结构，并且与基于形态或行为特征的重建结果高度一致。新热带区和澳大利亚的物种形成了独立的顶端分支。亚洲物种在一个顶端分支（作为新热带区分支的姐妹群出现）和基部类群之间分开。新几内亚的物种分布在几个分支中，表明其起源于多个源头。一个得到充分支持的分支包括新热带区、澳大利亚和新几内亚的物种，以及东南亚的高砂象鼻白蚁（N. takasagoensis）和马当象鼻白蚁（N. matangensis）。它不包括亚洲物种规则象鼻白蚁（N. regularis）、小鼻象鼻白蚁（N. parvonasutus）和长鼻象鼻白蚁（N. longinasus），它们可能应从象鼻白蚁属中移除，还有长腿的亚洲属类Hospitalitermes和Longipeditermes。尽管不能排除象鼻白蚁起源于旧世界然后扩散到澳大利亚和南美洲，但推测前一个分支起源于冈瓦纳大陆。
