Viswanathan V K, Sharma Rachna, Hecht Gail
Department of Medicine, M/C 716, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Room 718, Clinical Sciences Building, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7323, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Apr 19;56(6):727-62. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.09.005.
A dynamic array of interactions occurs between pathogens and host mucosal surfaces. The signature molecules unique to microbial pathogens allow the mammalian immune system to recognize them as non-self. This recognition, mediated by the toll-like receptor proteins, results in innate immune responses targeted against the invading organism. Pathogens also elaborate a variety of proteins that actively engage host signaling pathways and subvert them to facilitate their growth and dispersal. These interactions, developed over a long evolutionary period, have been specialized to exquisite detail. These proteins and toxins are either secreted into the medium or directly delivered into host cells by specialized secretion systems. An array of host function alterations is mediated by microbial pathogens including inflammatory responses, secretory responses, alteration of host cytoskeleton, disruption of epithelial tight junctions and apoptosis. The signaling axes involved in these interactions are potential targets for therapeutic strategies against infectious microbes.
病原体与宿主黏膜表面之间会发生一系列动态相互作用。微生物病原体特有的标志性分子可使哺乳动物免疫系统将它们识别为非自身物质。由Toll样受体蛋白介导的这种识别会引发针对入侵生物体的先天性免疫反应。病原体还会精心制造各种蛋白质，这些蛋白质会积极参与宿主信号通路并使其发生改变，以促进自身的生长和扩散。这些在漫长进化过程中形成的相互作用，已经细化到了精妙的程度。这些蛋白质和毒素要么分泌到培养基中，要么通过专门的分泌系统直接递送到宿主细胞中。微生物病原体介导了一系列宿主功能改变，包括炎症反应、分泌反应、宿主细胞骨架改变、上皮紧密连接破坏和细胞凋亡。这些相互作用中涉及的信号轴是针对传染性微生物的治疗策略的潜在靶点。
