Lehrer P M, Sargunaraj D, Hochron S
Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-5635.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Aug;60(4):639-43. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.4.639.
Outcome literature on psychological treatment for asthma covers psychoeducational self-management programs, relaxation therapy, biofeedback, and family therapy. Psychoeducational approaches now being standardized in a national program are cost-effective. They produce improved adjustment, increased medication compliance, greater perceived self-competence in managing symptoms, and decreased use of medical services. Significant effects have been found for relaxation therapy, although it is not clear whether the effectiveness depends on whole-body relaxation or specifically facial- or respiratory-muscle relaxation. Family therapy is helpful to some asthmatics. Active components in these methods remain to be identified as do the populations whom they can best serve. Biofeedback for respiratory resistance, trachea sounds, and vagal tone shows promise but has not been given adequate clinical testing.
关于哮喘心理治疗的结果文献涵盖了心理教育自我管理项目、放松疗法、生物反馈和家庭疗法。目前正在全国性项目中标准化的心理教育方法具有成本效益。它们能改善适应能力、提高药物依从性、增强在管理症状方面的自我效能感，并减少医疗服务的使用。虽然尚不清楚放松疗法的有效性是取决于全身放松还是特定的面部或呼吸肌肉放松，但已发现其有显著效果。家庭疗法对一些哮喘患者有帮助。这些方法中的有效成分以及最适合的人群仍有待确定。针对呼吸阻力、气管声音和迷走神经张力的生物反馈显示出前景，但尚未得到充分的临床测试。
