Levine Beth, Klionsky Daniel J
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Dev Cell. 2004 Apr;6(4):463-77. doi: 10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00099-1.
Autophagy is the major cellular pathway for the degradation of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. It involves the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cargo for delivery to the lysosome where the sequestered material is degraded and recycled. For many decades, it has been known that autophagy occurs in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms and in multiple different cell types during starvation, cellular and tissue remodeling, and cell death. However, until recently, the functions of autophagy in normal development were largely unknown. The identification of a set of evolutionarily conserved genes that are essential for autophagy has opened up new frontiers for deciphering the role of autophagy in diverse biological processes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular machinery of autophagy and the role of the autophagic machinery in eukaryotic development.
自噬是长寿命蛋白质和细胞质细胞器降解的主要细胞途径。它涉及亚细胞膜的重排，以隔离货物并将其运送到溶酶体，在那里被隔离的物质被降解和循环利用。几十年来，人们已经知道自噬发生在广泛的真核生物中，并且在饥饿、细胞和组织重塑以及细胞死亡期间的多种不同细胞类型中也会发生。然而，直到最近，自噬在正常发育中的功能在很大程度上仍不为人知。一组对自噬至关重要的进化保守基因的鉴定，为破译自噬在各种生物过程中的作用开辟了新的前沿领域。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前关于自噬分子机制的知识以及自噬机制在真核生物发育中的作用。
