Ames Daniel R, Flynn Francis J, Weber Elke U
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Apr;30(4):461-74. doi: 10.1177/0146167203261890.
How do people react to those who have helped them? The authors propose that a recipient's evaluation of a helper's intentions and the recipient's own attitudes about future interactions with the helper depend partly on the recipient's perceptions of how the helper decided to assist: on the basis of affect, of role, or of cost-benefit calculation. When a recipient perceives that the decision was based on affect (i.e., positive feelings about him or her), he or she will be more inclined toward future interaction and reciprocation than if he or she perceives the decision as based on role or cost-benefit calculation. It is proposed that these "decision modes" signal the helper's underlying attitudes about the recipient, which in turn, clarify their relationship. A boundary is also identified: The negative impact of apparent cost-benefit thinking is greatest when the amount of help provided is small. Predictions are confirmed in four studies of actual and experimentally manipulated helping episodes.
人们如何回应那些帮助过他们的人？作者提出，受助者对帮助者意图的评价以及受助者自身对未来与帮助者互动的态度，部分取决于受助者对帮助者决定提供帮助方式的认知：基于情感、基于角色还是基于成本效益计算。当受助者认为该决定基于情感（即对他或她有积极的感觉）时，相较于认为该决定基于角色或成本效益计算，他或她会更倾向于未来的互动和回报。有人提出，这些“决策模式”表明了帮助者对受助者潜在的态度，进而明确了他们之间的关系。还确定了一个界限：当提供的帮助量较少时，明显的成本效益思维的负面影响最大。在四项关于实际和实验操纵的帮助事件的研究中，这些预测得到了证实。
