Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 11;15(12):e0243808. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243808. eCollection 2020.
Impression of helpers can vary as a function of the magnitude of helping (amount of help) and of situational and motivational aspects (type of help). Over three studies conducted in Sweden and the US, we manipulated both the amount and the type of help in ten diverse vignettes and measured participants' impressions of the described helpers. Impressions were almost unaffected when increasing the amount of help by 500%, but clearly affected by several type of help-manipulations. Particularly, helpers were less positively evaluated if they had mixed motives for helping, did not experience intense emotions or empathy, or if helping involved no personal sacrifice. In line with the person-centered theory of moral judgment, people seem to form impressions of helpers primarily based on the presumed underlying processes and motives of prosociality rather than its consequences.
帮助者的印象会因帮助的程度（帮助的数量）和情境及动机因素（帮助的类型）而异。通过在瑞典和美国进行的三项研究，我们在十个不同的情景中操纵了帮助的数量和类型，并测量了参与者对所描述的帮助者的印象。当帮助量增加 500%时，印象几乎没有受到影响，但几种类型的帮助操纵明显影响了印象。特别是，如果帮助者的动机不单纯、没有体验到强烈的情绪或同理心，或者帮助不涉及个人牺牲，那么他们的评价就会降低。与道德判断的人本主义理论一致，人们似乎主要根据假定的亲社会行为的潜在过程和动机来形成对帮助者的印象，而不是根据其后果。
