Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Feb;98(2):222-44. doi: 10.1037/a0016984.
Self-determination theory posits that the degree to which a prosocial act is volitional or autonomous predicts its effect on well-being and that psychological need satisfaction mediates this relation. Four studies tested the impact of autonomous and controlled motivation for helping others on well-being and explored effects on other outcomes of helping for both helpers and recipients. Study 1 used a diary method to assess daily relations between prosocial behaviors and helper well-being and tested mediating effects of basic psychological need satisfaction. Study 2 examined the effect of choice on motivation and consequences of autonomous versus controlled helping using an experimental design. Study 3 examined the consequences of autonomous versus controlled helping for both helpers and recipients in a dyadic task. Finally, Study 4 manipulated motivation to predict helper and recipient outcomes. Findings support the idea that autonomous motivation for helping yields benefits for both helper and recipient through greater need satisfaction. Limitations and implications are discussed.
自我决定理论认为，亲社会行为的意志或自主性程度可以预测其对幸福感的影响，而心理需求的满足则在这种关系中起中介作用。四项研究检验了帮助他人的自主和控制动机对幸福感的影响，并探讨了帮助对帮助者和接受者的其他结果的影响。研究 1 使用日记法评估了亲社会行为与帮助者幸福感之间的日常关系，并检验了基本心理需求满足的中介作用。研究 2 使用实验设计检验了选择对自主和控制帮助的动机和结果的影响。研究 3 在一项二元任务中检验了自主帮助与控制帮助对帮助者和接受者的后果。最后，研究 4 操纵动机来预测帮助者和接受者的结果。研究结果支持这样一种观点，即帮助的自主动机通过更大的需求满足，为帮助者和接受者带来益处。讨论了局限性和意义。
